Increased Frequency of Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells in Children with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Caused by Enterovirus 71 Infection by Jianping Wu, David Cui, Xianzhi Yang, Jianzhou Lou, Jie Lin, Xianfei Ye, Zhimei Qin, Li Huang, Dejian Zhao, Zhaoxia Huo, Guoliang Xie, Shufa Zheng, Fei Yu, Liwei Lu, Yu Chen

“…The role of T follicular helper (TFH) cells in EV71-infected children remains unclear in regulating humoral immunity. The frequency of circulating ICOShigh/PD-1highCXCR5+CD4+ TFH cells in the children with mild and severe EV71 infection and healthy controls (HC) was detected by flow cytometry, respectively. …”
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Dermatological Disorders following Liver Transplantation: An Update by Dipesh Kumar Yadav, Xue li Bai, Tingbo Liang

“…The liver is considered as an immune privileged organ since it has a low prevalence of humoral rejection in contrast to other SOT, and thus, LT requires a minimal amount of immunosuppressants compared to other SOT recipients. …”
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Inferring transcriptomic dynamics implicated in odor fatty acid accumulation in adipose tissue of Hulun Buir sheep from birth to market by Yechan Zhao, Zhangyan Li, Huimin Ou, Zhiliang Tan, Jinzhen Jiao

“…The dynamic transcriptomic profiles exhibited two distinct phases, with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) before weaning were involved in immune homeostasis, whereas those after weaning were associated with nutrient metabolism. …”
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RNA-Seq-Based Gene Expression Pattern and Morphological Alterations in Chick Thymus during Postnatal Development by Zhouyiyuan Xue, Abdur Rahman Ansari, Xing Zhao, Kun Zang, Yu Liang, Lei Cui, Yafang Hu, Ranran Cheng, Xiaolong Zhang, Juming Zhong, Huazhen Liu

“…The thymus is a lobulated unique lymphoid immune organ that plays a critical role in the selection, development, proliferation, and differentiation of T cells. …”
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NR2F6 regulates stem cell hematopoiesis and myelopoiesis in mice by Johannes Woelk, Hamsa Narasimhan, Hamsa Narasimhan, Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair, Barbara U. Schraml, Barbara U. Schraml, Natascha Hermann-Kleiter

“…Nuclear receptors regulate hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and peripheral immune cells in mice and humans. The nuclear orphan receptor NR2F6 (EAR-2) has been shown to control murine hematopoiesis. …”
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Islet organoids: a new hope for islet transplantation in diabetes by Xuemei Yu, Chengkong Liu, Zheng Kuang, Siyuan Song, Limin Tian, Yi Wang, Yi Wang

“…While each approach addresses specific challenges in islet transplantation, further research is needed to optimize scalability, immune compatibility, and long-term functionality. …”
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Fas/FasL Pathway Participates in Regulation of Antiviral and Inflammatory Response during Mousepox Infection of Lungs by Karolina Bień, Justyna Sokołowska, Piotr Bąska, Zuzanna Nowak, Wanda Stankiewicz, Malgorzata Krzyzowska

“…Fas receptor-Fas ligand (FasL) signalling is involved in apoptosis of immune cells as well as of the virus infected target cells but increasing evidence accumulates on Fas as a mediator of apoptosis-independent processes such as induction of activating and proinflammatory signals. …”
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Assessing the Feasibility of Using a Multiplex Serological Assay to Conduct Serosurveillance for Malaria Exposure in Deployed Military Personnel by Sidhartha Chaudhury, Jessica S. Bolton, Edwin Kamau, Elke S. Bergmann-Leitner

“…However, malaria disease surveillance is challenged by under-reporting, natural immunity, and chemoprophylaxis, which can mask malaria exposure and lead to an underestimation of malaria prevalence. …”
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Structural engineering of stabilized, expanded epitope nanoparticle vaccines for HPV by Michaela Helble, Michaela Helble, Xizhou Zhu, Pratik S. Bhojnagarwala, Kevin Liaw, Yangcheng Gao, Amber Kim, Kelly Bayruns, Madison E. McCanna, Joyce Park, Kylie M. Konrath, Kylie M. Konrath, Sam Garfinkle, Sam Garfinkle, Taylor Brysgel, David B. Weiner, David B. Weiner, Daniel W. Kulp, Daniel W. Kulp

“…As such, there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic vaccines to drive the immune system’s cellular response against cancer cells. …”
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Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with genetic factors affecting plasma ACE2 receptor and CRP concentrations by Verena Vogi, David Haschka, Lukas Forer, Simon Schwendinger, Verena Petzer, Stefan Coassin, Ivan Tancevski, Thomas Sonnweber, Judith Löffler-Ragg, Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl, Marianne Graninger, Dominik Wolf, Florian Kronenberg, Johannes Zschocke, Emina Jukic, Günter Weiss

“…We suggest that genetically determined enforced CRP formation may contribute to strengthening of innate immune responses and better initial pathogen control thereby reducing the risk of subsequent hyperinflammation and adverse course of COVID-19.…”
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The structural basis of protective and nonprotective human monoclonal antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase by Rose J. Miller, Ian A. Durie, Aaron D. Gingerich, Mohamed A. Elbehairy, Abigail G. Branch, Riley G. Davis, Nada Abbadi, Melinda A. Brindley, Jarrod J. Mousa

“…These findings advance our understanding of PIV3 immunity and underscore the significance of targeting HN for clinical therapeutic development against PIV3.…”
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Does Toxoplasma gondii Infection Affect the Levels of IgE and Cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha)? by Joanna Matowicka-Karna, Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska, Halina Kemona

“…The study objective was to assess the effect of T. gondii on chosen indices of the immune response. The study involved 52 women infected with T. gondii (aged 18–42 years) prior to antiparasitic treatment. …”
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Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association on the Diagnostics and Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis by V. T. Ivashkin, I. V. Maev, A. S. Trukhmanov, T. L. Lapina, D. N. Andreev, E. K. Baranskaya, A. S. Tertychny, S. S. Pirogov, A. A. Sheptulin, D. I. Abdulganieva, D. T. Dicheva, A. V. Zaborovsky, N. Yu. Ivashkina, N. V. Korochanskaya, A. V. Paraskevova

“…Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the esophagus characterized by the symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and a pronounced eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa. …”
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Candida tropicalis spondylitis in a non-tropical immunocompetent patient: a case report and review of the literature by Hong Yang, Xin Wang, Weijian Zhu, Bei Zhou

“…The patient was subsequently treated with a six-week course of voriconazole, resulting in symptomatic improvement, with no recurrence observed during follow-up.ConclusionThe imaging and clinical presentation of Candida tropicalis spondylitis can closely mimic that of tuberculous spondylitis, particularly in patients without clear risk factors for immune compromise. This overlap in presentation often complicates the differential diagnosis, leading to potential delays in appropriate treatment.…”
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PKCα regulates the secretion of PDL1-carrying small extracellular vesicles in a p53-dependent manner by Ren Zhang, Weilin Liao, Xi Chen, Junyi Wang, Jiaqi Li, Geer Chen, Weiyu Wu, Xiaoxuan Wang, Yao Zhang, Ziyu Chen, Xiaoyu Zhu, Zicong Lin, Yizhun Zhu, Lijuan Ma, Haijie Yu

“…Abstract Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), carrying PD-L1, have been implicated in immune evasion and tumor progression. However, understanding how PD-L1 sEVs are secreted still needs to be improved. …”
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Endothelial STAT3 Modulates Protective Mechanisms in a Mouse Ischemia-Reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury by Shataakshi Dube, Tejasvi Matam, Jessica Yen, Henry E. Mang, Pierre C. Dagher, Takashi Hato, Timothy A. Sutton

“…STAT3 is a transcriptional regulator that plays an important role in coordinating inflammation and immunity. In addition, there is a growing appreciation of the role STAT3 signaling plays in response to organ injury following diverse insults. …”
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Macrophage-related inflammatory responses to degradation products of biodegradable molybdenum implants by Danyang Liu, Jiahao Chen, Jiannan Zhou, Jingtao Dai, Haotian Qin, Guojiang Wan, Junyu Qian, Ping Li, Jiang Li

“…Specifically, pre-treatment of Mo can effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of its early degradation on macrophages and the surrounding immune environment. Our research into these early degradation phases introduces new avenues for studying molybdenum's immunomodulatory properties, potentially through precise control of its release and the targeted expression of pivotal genes.…”
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Development of Carnivac-Cov vaccine against coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in carnivores by T. S. Galkina, A. A. Nesterov, A. V. Borisov, I. A. Chvala, A. V. Kononov

“…Carnivac-Cov vaccine administered twice intramuscularly at the dose of 1.0 cm3 induces anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response 14 days after the second administration that lasts for at least 6 months. …”
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Membrane-embedded CdaA is required for efficient synthesis of second messenger cyclic di-AMP by Alexander J. Foster, Haoyang Li, Panagiotis Drougkas, Gea. K. Schuurman-Wolters, Joeri ten Kate, Cristina Paulino, Bert Poolman

“…Cyclic di-AMP regulates bacterial cell volume and turgor via control of potassium and compatible solute transport but is also involved in many other processes, including the activation of the metazoan innate immune response to bacterial infections. We compare the activity of full-length membrane-embedded CdaA, the enzyme that synthesizes cyclic di-AMP, with the water-soluble catalytic domain CdaA-DAC. …”
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Activation of Vitamin D Regulates Response of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Aspergillus fumigatus in an Autocrine Fashion by Pei Li, Ting Wu, Xin Su, Yi Shi

“…The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of A. fumigatus infection on the activation of vitamin D and the role of vitamin D activation in A. fumigatus-elicited antifungal immunity in normal human airway epithelial cells. We found that A. fumigatus swollen conidia (SC) induced the expression of 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of active vitamin D, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in 16HBE cells and led to increased local generation of active vitamin D. …”
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