The Emperor Jones de Louis Gruenberg : le long voyage au cœur/corps de l’Autre race by Benoît Depardieu

“…On January 7, 1933, two years before Gershwin’s Porgy and Bess, The Emperor Jones, composed by Louis Gruenberg in 1931, had its world premiere at the Metropolitan Opera of New York. …”
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Censorship, Control and Resistance in Eugene O’Neill’s “black plays” The Emperor Jones and All God’s Chillun Got Wings by Gwenola Le Bastard

“…In this context of severe prohibition and regulation, Eugene O’Neill wrote and produced The Emperor Jones (1920) and All God’s Chillun Got Wings (1923), two plays which bear witness to the then rising interest of white avant-garde writers and artists in African-American life and culture, and to their productive connection with the emerging literature of the Harlem Renaissance. …”
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Koanga de Frederick Delius : cherche premier opéra afro-américain désespérément by Benoît Depardieu

“…Although Gershwin’s Porgy & Bess (1935) is still regarded by most critics as the first African-American opera, Louis Gruenberg’s The Emperor Jones (1933) and Scott Joplin’s Treemonisha (1910) have recently challenged this sacrosanct position. …”
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