Disappointing Friends: France and the Confederate Catholics of Ireland, 1642-48 by Tadhg Ó HANNRACHÁIN

“…From their perspective, a certain limited advantage was gained by the fact that Spain also was unable to profit from Irish recruiting grounds during the 1640s, but the failure of the attempts to re-establish the Stuart monarchy ultimately undermined even this small achievement, when Spain gained disproportionately from the mass exodus of Irish soldiers following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in the early 1650s.…”
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