A novel Arabidopsis phyllosphere resident Protomyces species and a re-examination of genus Protomyces based on genome sequence data by Kai Wang, Timo Sipilä, Kirk Overmyer

“…Species relationships and boundaries remain controversial and molecular data are lacking. Of the 82 named Protomyces, we found few recent studies and six available cultures. …”
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Simultaneous Left Ventricular and Deep Vein Thrombi Caused by Protein C Deficiency by Harufumi Maki, Motohiro Nishiyama, Motoaki Shirakawa

“…Protein C deficiency is a risk of venous thrombosis because of poor fibrinolytic activity. It remains controversial whether protein C deficiency causes arterial thrombosis. …”
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Negative Influence of a Long-Term High-Fat Diet on Murine Bone Architecture by Hinrich Fehrendt, Thomas Linn, Sonja Hartmann, Gabor Szalay, Christian Heiss, Reinhard Schnettler, Katrin Susanne Lips

“…A correlation between obesity and bone metabolism is strongly assumed because adipocytes and osteoblasts originate from the same precursor cells and their differentiation is conversely regulated by the same factors. It is controversially discussed if obesity protects bone or leads to loss of bone mass. …”
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Surgical Outcomes and Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients Who Underwent Potentially Noncurative Endoscopic Resection for Gastric Cancer: A Report of a Single-Center Exp... by Hiroaki Ito, Haruhiro Inoue, Haruo Ikeda, Noriko Odaka, Akira Yoshida, Hitoshi Satodate, Manabu Onimaru, Daisuke Takayanagi, Esperanza Grace Santi, Shin-ei Kudo

“…Standard treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC) after endoscopic resection with risk factors of nodal metastases and incomplete resection is controversial. We investigated optimal management for the patients with potentially noncurative EGC after endoscopic resection. …”
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The Relationship between Branched-Chain Amino Acid Related Metabolomic Signature and Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review by Xue Zhao, Qing Han, Yujia Liu, Chenglin Sun, Xiaokun Gang, Guixia Wang

“…However, results seem to be controversial in different races, diets, and distinct tissues. …”
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Paleomagnetic evidence for Neoarchean plate mobilism by Jikai Ding, Chris Rogers, Ulf Söderlund, David A. D. Evans, Zheng Gong, Richard E. Ernst, Kevin Chamberlain, Taylor Kilian

“…Abstract Plate tectonics is a unique feature of Earth, but its proposed time of initiation is still controversial, with published estimates ranging from ca. 4.2 to 0.7 Ga. …”
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Mechanism of Substrate Activation by Tryptophan Hydroxylase: A Computational Study by Dr. Thirakorn Mokkawes, Dr. Sam P. deVisser

“…Abstract Serotonin is a hormone that is responsible for mood regultion in the brain; however, details on its biosynthetic mechanism remain controversial. Tryptophan hydroxylase catalyzes the first step in the serotonin biosynthesis in the human body, where it regio‐ and stereoselectively hydroxylates a free tryptophan (Trp) amino acid at the C5‐position. …”
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Vitamin E Intake Attenuated the Association Between Elevated Blood Heavy Metal (Pb, Cd, and Hg) Concentrations and Diabetes Risk in Adults Aged 18–65 Years: Findings from 2007–2018... by Chenggang Yang, Shimiao Dai, Yutian Luo, Qingqing Lv, Junying Zhu, Aolin Yang, Zhan Shi, Ziyu Han, Ruirui Yu, Jialei Yang, Longjian Liu, Ji-Chang Zhou

“…The association between heavy metal exposure and diabetes is controversial and vitamin E (VE) may reduce diabetes risk. …”
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Latest Advances in Intersphincteric Resection for Low Rectal Cancer by Yifan Xv, Jiajun Fan, Yuan Ding, Yang Hu, Yingjie Hu, Zhengjie Jiang, Qingsong Tao

“…A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify studies on ISR techniques, preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT), complications, oncological outcomes, and functional outcomes and thereby to summarize relevant information and controversies involved in ISR. Results. Although PCRT is employed to avoid positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) and decrease local recurrence, it tends to engender damage of anorectal function and patients’ quality of life (QoL). …”
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Intrauterine Fetal Surgery Current Approaches by Ayla Eser, Nermin Köşüş, Aydın Köşüş, Müberra Namlı Kalem, Nilüfer Akgün, Ebru Yüce

“…Since intrauterine fetal surgery entail high risks for both the fetus and the mother, there are ethical controversies regarding research in fetal surgery. Suitable surgical techniques, appropriate and effective high end methods to monitor fetal and uterine development and prevention of uterine contractions after surgery (tocolysis) are a few of the key bottlenecks that need to be addressed urgently to make intrauterine fetal surgery more useful. …”
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Optimizing the Management and Outcomes of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: A Consensus Statement on Definition and Outlines for Patient Assessment by Philippe Rigoard, Kliment Gatzinsky, Jean-Philippe Deneuville, Wim Duyvendak, Nicolas Naiditch, Jean-Pierre Van Buyten, Sam Eldabe

“…Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is a controversial term for identifying patients affected by new, recurrent, or persistent pain in the low back and/or legs following spinal surgery. …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Liver Cell Failure: A New Direction and Option by Yantian Cao, Bangjie Zhang, Rong Lin, Qingzhi Wang, Jie Wang, Fangfang Shen

“…Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) became available with liver failure (LF), while the advantages of MSCs remain controversial. We aimed to assess clinical advantages of MSCT in patients with LF. …”
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Large Subcapsular Splenic Hematoma with a Large Pancreatic Pseudocyst Was Successfully Treated with Splenic Arterial Embolization and Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Drainage of Pan... by Song Zhang, Fei Liu, Heena Buch, Guifang Xu, Lei Wang

“…The management for subcapsular splenic hematoma remains controversial. We herein report a case of a large subcapsular splenic hematoma with a large pancreatic pseudocyst, which was successfully treated with splenic arterial embolization and ultrasound- (US-) guided percutaneous drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst, for the first time. …”
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In Search of an Integrative Method to Study Unconscious Processing: An Application of Bayesian and General Recognition Theory Models to the Processing of Hierarchical Patterns in t... by Antonio Prieto, Pedro R. Montoro, Mikel Jimenez, José Antonio Hinojosa

“…Particularly, one of the most controversial topics involves the method by which the awareness of the stimuli is assessed. …”
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Where do “chemical imbalance” beliefs come from? Evaluating the impact of different sources by Hans S. Schroder, Jordyn Tovey, Reni Forer, William Schultz, Elizabeth T. Kneeland, Jason S. Moser

“…The correlation held even after controlling for depression symptoms, a family history of depression, and having had a diagnosis or treatment of mental health disorder (all of which also uniquely predicted chemical imbalance belief endorsement).DiscussionThese results suggest that healthcare providers play an important role in the dissemination of the chemical imbalance message, which is an oversimplified, scientifically controversial, and potentially treatment-interfering narrative. …”
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Immunohistochemical Expression of Dual-Specificity Protein Phosphatase 4 in Patients with Colorectal Adenocarcinoma by Jongmin Sim, Kijong Yi, Hyunsung Kim, Hyein Ahn, Yumin Chung, Abdul Rehman, Se Min Jang, Kang Hong Lee, Kiseok Jang, Seung Sam Paik

“…The role of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) appears to vary with the type of malignant tumors and is still controversial. The purpose of our study was to clarify the exact role of DUSP4 expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma. …”
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Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes, Not Type 1 Diabetes: An Updated Meta-Analysis by Jun-Zhen Li, Jie-Yao Li, Ting-Feng Wu, Ji-Hao Xu, Can-Ze Huang, Di Cheng, Qi-Kui Chen, Tao Yu

“…However, there are still controversies about whether H. pylori infection is associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). …”
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Cesarean delivery on child health and development in Japanese nationwide birth cohort by Naomi Matsumoto, Takashi Mitsui, Kei Tamai, Tomoya Hirota, Hisashi Masuyama, Takashi Yorifuji

“…Abstract The long-term effects of cesarean delivery (CD) on child health and development remain controversial. This study aimed to investigate these effects using an outcome-wide approach in a Japanese context, where perinatal mortality rates are among the world’s lowest. …”
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Osteopontin Expression in the Brain Triggers Localized Inflammation and Cell Death When Immune Cells Are Activated by Pertussis Toxin by Maria Cecilia Garibaldi Marcondes, Ryan Ojakian, Nikki Bortell, Claudia Flynn, Bruno Conti, Howard S. Fox

“…However, the role of OPN in inflammation is still controversial, since it can both prevent cell death and induce the migration of potentially damaging inflammatory cells. …”
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CSO (Canadian Society of Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery) position paper on return to Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery Clinic Practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in Cana... by Y. Chan, D. Angel, M. Aron, T. Hartl, S. P. Moubayed, K. A. Smith, D. D. Sommer, L. Sowerby, P. Spafford, D. Mertz, I. J. Witterick

“…Risk assessment and patient selection are crucial to minimizing exposure to COVID-19. Controversial topics such as COVID-19 mode of transmission, duration of exposure, personal protective equipment, and aerosol-generating procedures will be analyzed and discussed. …”
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