Stackelberg Game Model of Railway Freight Pricing Based on Option Theory by Jingwei Guo, Zhongqi Xie, Qinglin Li

“…In this paper, the rail freight option (RFO) based on option theory is proposed to study the optimal pricing decision of the railway transportation enterprise and contract customers’ optimal purchase decisions. To obtain an effective RFO contract, the railway freight contract transaction process is first analyzed. …”
Get full text

Examining the Methods of Guaranteeing Product Quality from the Perspective of Imami Fiqh, Iranian Law and European Union Law by Akbar Mahmoodi

“…In both types, the principle of guaranteeing a contract is separate from the first contract, and there is a similar one called customary guarantee. …”
Get full text

Isolated, individualised, and immobilised: information behaviour in the context of academic casualisation by Rebekah Willson, Owen Stewart-Robertson, Heidi Julien, Lisa M. Given

“…Universities rely increasingly on contract academic staff for teaching and research activities; yet, working in precarious conditions, these staff face significant challenges in finding relevant workplace information, in engaging with colleagues, and in building their careers. …”
Get full text

The Condition of Belonging the Mortgaged Property to the Mortgagee Providing Non-Fulfillment of the Debt on Time by Mahdi Hamze Howeyda, Jamshid Shiri

“…The nullity of this condition is a dominant and overwhelming theory among Imamiyyah jurists, but there is a difference of opinion among jurists in this regard; This legal act is essentially a type of performance guarantee (bond) regarding the mortgage obligation, which is included in the main contract as a condition attached to the contract. But under which types of conditions are included in the contract, it seems that more consideration is required. …”
Get full text

Broiler farming and antibiotic use through an agency theory lens. A case study from West Bengal, India. by Mathew Hennessey, Indranil Samanta, Guillaume Fournié, Matthew Quaife, Meenakshi Gautham, Haidaruliman Paleja, Kumaravel Papaiyan, Ripan Biswas, Pablo Alarcon

“…Interviews were conducted with key informants (n = 6) and stakeholders (n = 20) associated with broiler production, and broiler farmers (17 contract and four non-contract), using online and face-to-face interviews. …”
Get full text

How to Hire and Manage Residential Contractors by Randall A. Cantrell

“…If you are looking for a contractor for either home building or remodeling, ask difficult questions before you enter into a contract. This way you and the contractor have a clear understanding of the other’s expectations. …”
Get full text

A Solvable Time-Inconsistent Principal-Agent Problem by Chao Li, Zhijian Qiu

“…We consider the dynamic contract model with time inconsistency preference of principal-agent problem to study the influence of the time inconsistency preference on the optimal effort and the optimal reward mechanism. …”
Get full text

Research on the Fresh Agricultural Product Supply Chain Coordination with Supply Disruptions by Sun Guohua

“…To ensure that the supplier and the retailer both have incentives to accept the coordination contract, a lump-sum fee is offered. The interval of lump-sum fee is given leaving both the supplier and the retailer better off with the two-part tariff contract.…”
Get full text

How to Hire and Manage Residential Contractors by Randall A. Cantrell

“…If you are looking for a contractor for either home building or remodeling, ask difficult questions before you enter into a contract. This way you and the contractor have a clear understanding of the other’s expectations. …”
Get full text

Coordination of Supply Chains with Competing Manufacturers considering Fairness Concerns by Jie Jian, Yuyao Zhang, Lin Jiang, Jiafu Su

“…In this study, we examined the contract coordination between manufacturers with peer-induced and distributional fairness concerns. …”
Get full text

Insurance Intermediaries by Ioana Nely MILITARU

“…The insurance contract is concluded between the insured and the insurer. …”
Get full text

Valuation of Guaranteed Unitized Participating Life Insurance under MEGB2 Distribution by Haitao Zheng, Junzhang Hao, Manying Bai, Zhengjun Zhang

“…Assuming the returns of two different assets follow the MEGB2 distribution, a multifactor fair valuation pricing model of insurance contract is split into four components: the basic contract, the annual dividend option, the terminal dividend option, and the surrender option. …”
Get full text

Usage des technologies et investigation en mathématiques : quels contrats didactiques possibles ? by Ghislaine Gueudet, Marie-Pierre Lebaud

“…Mathematics didactics invites to consider inquiry-based teaching as a particular form of didactic contract, leaving an important responsibility to the students, regarding the knowledge at stake and its evolution in class. …”
Get full text

Coordinating a Supply Chain with a Loss-Averse Retailer and Effort Dependent Demand by Liying Li, Yong Wang

“…To effectively coordinate the channel, we propose to combine a GLB contract with sales rebate and penalty (SRP) contract. …”
Get full text

Aspect and pragmatics in Polish with a view to Sorbian by Karolina Zuchewicz

“…It makes use of the notion of pragmatic contract (Israeli 1996 for Russian) and argues that, while the presence of a contract correlates with a preference for the perfective aspect, the absence of a contract triggers a preference for imperfective forms. …”
Get full text

القواعد الناظمة لشركة المضاربة بين النظرية والتطبيق القضائي: دراسة مقارنة بين القانونين الفلسطيني والأردني... by Anas Abu Musa Aloun

“… Speculative contract is one of the common contracts in practical reality, where a person who owns cash capital or other assets resorts to a merchant and delivers this capital to him for development and investment, and the reason for this contract is either that the owner of capital does not know trade and seeks to achieve profit and investment, or that he wants to increase his income without exerting effort, and we are here before a type of companies but this company has a special nature that does not comply with the rules stipulated in Decree-Law No. 42 of 2021 regarding companies, but rather complies with civil law rules. …”
Get full text

Analysis of Buying, Selling, and Leasing Virtual Land in the Metaverse: A Perspective from Sharia Economic Law by Muhamad Izazi Nurjaman, Sofian Al-Hakim, Iwan Setiawan, Mualimin Mochammad Sahid

“…The development of the object of the ijarah contract is a scientific contribution to the development of Islamic economic law theory. …”
Get full text

Coordination of New Energy Vehicles Closed-Loop Supply Chain under Government Subsidies and Different Power Structures by Yuping Wu, Zhaoyang Tian, Guilin Chang

“…Finally, when a battery manufacturer is in the dominant position, a revenue sharing contract can incentivize supply chain coordination; when a vehicle manufacturer is in the dominant position, a two-part tariff contract can realize coordination in the supply chain.…”
Get full text

Evaluate Professİonal and Amateur Athletes’ Socıal Insurances wıth Legal Aspects In Turkey by Hüseyin Fatih Şen, Arif Özsarı, Mehmet Altın, Alpaslan Görücü, Bülent Fişekçioğlu

“…It’s understood that professional and amateur Athletes’ contracts are a sort of service contracts, but neither group is subject to Labor Law No. 4857, therefore they cannot demand severance pay, notice pay or annual leave; and that general and special provisions of  Law on Debts No. 6098 were implemented for the athletes who signed a contract with a club; and it is also understood that state athletes, jockeys and foreign athletes were subject to the Law On Social Insurance and General Health Insurance No.5510; and that, amateur athletes who have a contract with a club were evaluated in the scope of private health insurance, despite that, amateur athletes without contract to any club aren’t subject to social insurance provisions…”
Get full text

Ghostwriting: Simulacra of Academic Performance by S. A. Sheypak

“…This book describes the practices of contract cheating in Russian higher education as an established social institution involving undergraduate and graduate students. …”
Get full text