Clinico-dermoscopic and Histopathological Evaluation of Benign Skin, Soft Tissue and Appendageal Tumours of Skin: A Cross-sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital by Saika Reyaz, Shagufta Rather, Sheikh Bilal, Taiba Trumboo, Mateen Hussain

“…A good agreement between dermoscopic and clinical diagnosis was found (Cohen's Kappa = 0.879) and between dermoscopic and histopathological diagnosis was also found (Cohen's Kappa = 0.789). …”
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Agreement Between Isokinetic Dynamometer and Hand-held Isometric Dynamometer as Measures to Detect Lower Limb Asymmetry in Muscle Torque After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruc... by Angelica Ivarsson, Anna Cronström

“…Bland & Altman plots and Cohen's Kappa coefficient were used to assess agreement between measurements obtained from the instruments…”
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Validity and reliability International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for all forms of injury: A systematic review. by Sarah Paleczny, Nosakhare Osagie, Jai Sethi, Michael Cusimano

“…Reliability was defined by inter-rater reliability (IRR), measured by Krippendorff's alpha, Cohen's Kappa, and/or Fleiss' kappa.<h4>Results</h4>Twenty-seven published studies from 2006 to 2023 were included. …”
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Glaucoma Detection and Feature Identification via GPT-4V Fundus Image Analysis by Jalil Jalili, PhD, Anuwat Jiravarnsirikul, MD, Christopher Bowd, PhD, Benton Chuter, MD, Akram Belghith, PhD, Michael H. Goldbaum, MD, Sally L. Baxter, MD, Robert N. Weinreb, MD, Linda M. Zangwill, PhD, Mark Christopher, PhD

“…Comparisons between GPT-4V's assessments, expert evaluations, and dataset labels were made to determine accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen kappa. Main Outcome Measures: The main parameters measured were the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen kappa of GPT-4V in detecting glaucoma compared with expert evaluations. …”
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Comparison of Forensic Virtual Autopsy and Conventional Autopsy Findings in China: A 10-year Retrospective Study by Ya-Wen Liu, Zhuo-Qun Wang, Zhi-Ling Tian, He-Wen Dong, Yuan-Yuan Liu, En-Hao Fu, Jiang Huang, Dong-Hua Zou, Ning-Guo Liu

“…Materials and Methods: Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and PMCT angiography (PMCTA) were performed on 204 cadavers before traditional autopsies, with the agreement between virtopsy and autopsy findings assessed using Cohen kappa values. Results: Virtopsy showed higher sensitivity in detecting fractures, particularly in hard-to-access bones, but was less sensitive to rib fractures. …”
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Imaging of external auditory canal fractures associated with maxillofacial traumas by CBCT by Sinem Coşkun, Hatice Boyacıoğlu, Sema Dural

“…Intra-observer reliability was calculated using Weighted Cohen's kappa coefficients.Results: EAC fracture was determined in 40 % of the patients. …”
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Improving stroke risk prediction by integrating XGBoost, optimized principal component analysis, and explainable artificial intelligence by Lesia Mochurad, Viktoriia Babii, Yuliia Boliubash, Yulianna Mochurad

“…Cross-validation yielded an average value of 0.99, and high values of Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) metrics of 0.96 and Cohen's Kappa (CK) of 0.96 confirmed the generalizability and reliability of the model. …”
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A New Weighting Scheme in Weighted Markov Model for Predicting the Probability of Drought Episodes by Zulfiqar Ali, Ijaz Hussain, Muhammad Faisal, Ibrahim M. Almanjahie, Muhammad Ismail, Maqsood Ahmad, Ishfaq Ahmad

“…We provide a standardized scheme of weights for ordinal sequences of drought classifications by normalizing squared weighted Cohen Kappa. Illustrations of the proposed scheme are given by including temporal ordinal data on drought classes determined by the standardized precipitation temperature index (SPTI). …”
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Evaluation of Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence in Orthopantomogram in Detecting and Classifying Radiolucent Lesions by Sheetal Singar, Ajay Parihar, Prashanthi Reddy

“…The descriptive statistics was performed. The Cohen kappa correlation coefficient was used for assessment of reliability of the diagnostic methods. …”
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ChatGPT and oral cancer: a study on informational reliability by Mesude Çi̇ti̇r

“…Inter-rater agreement was assessed using Fleiss’s and Cohen kappa tests. The scores given by the specialties were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. …”
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Radiographic interpretation using high-resolution Cbct to diagnose degenerative temporomandibular joint disease. by Jonas Bianchi, João Roberto Gonçalves, Antônio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas, Júlia Vieira Pastana Bianchi, Lawrence M Ashman, Marilia Yatabe, Erika Benavides, Fabiana Naomi Soki, Lucia Helena Soares Cevidanes

“…The two radiologists presented a high agreement (Cohen's Kappa ranging from 0.80 to 0.87) for all radiographic findings (osteophyte, erosion, cysts, flattening, and sclerosis). …”
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A data pipeline for secure extraction and sharing of social determinants of health. by Tyler Schappe, Lisa M McElroy, Moronke Ogundolie, Roland Matsouaka, Ursula Rogers, Nrupen A Bhavsar

“…We compared DeGAUSS to a third-party vendor geocoding tool available at Duke Health using a cohort of adult patients referred for abdominal transplant from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2022. We calculated Cohen's Kappa and percent disagreement at census block group and tract levels, and by Area Deprivation Index, urbanicity, and year.…”
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Low agreement and frequent invalid controls in two SARS-CoV-2 T-cell assays in people with compromised immune function. by Annette Audigé, Alain Amstutz, Macé M Schuurmans, Patrizia Amico, Dominique L Braun, Marcel P Stoeckle, Barbara Hasse, René Hage, Dominik Damm, Michael Tamm, Nicolas J Mueller, Huldrych F Günthard, Michael T Koller, Christof M Schönenberger, Alexandra Griessbach, Niklaus D Labhardt, Roger D Kouyos, Alexandra Trkola, Michael Huber, Katharina Kusejko, Heiner C Bucher, Irene A Abela, Matthias Briel, Frédérique Chammartin, Benjamin Speich, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, and the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study

“…The reliability between the tests was judged as low (Cohen's kappa [κ] = 0.20; overall percent agreement [OPA] = 66%). …”
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Designing a Heutagogy Curriculum Template for the Second Level of High School by Ziba Nikmohammadi, Nahid shafiee, Alireza Araghieh

“…In the qualitative section, the Lausche coefficient (CVR) was used to check the content and Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to check the reliability. …”
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Evaluating AI-generated responses from different chatbots to soil science-related questions by Javad Khanifar

“…The LLMs were compared using Cohen's Kappa coefficient and the Chi-Square test. The study results indicated that the overall performance of chatbots powered by Claude 3.5 Sonnet and GPT-4o was comparable, as both models correctly answered 64.80 % of the questions. …”
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Descriptive Phenomenology from Instances of Dishonesty in Psychotherapy by Psychotherapists by Hossein Alipour, Mahdi Akbari

“…The seven-step Colaisi descriptive method was employed to analyze the data.Results: Results showed that coding reliability, measured by Cohen's Kappa agreement across five axes from four raters, yielded an average score of 0.81 (ranging from 0.72 to 0.91). …”
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Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using a Logistic Regression Model by Olivia Altamirano Guerrero, Ronelsys Martínez Martínez, Jhonny Alejandro Rodríguez Gutiérrez

“…To evaluate the predictive capacity of the model, Cohen's Kappa test was used. <br /><strong>Results:</strong> high blood pressure was a positive risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a probability coefficient of 1.415. …”
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Evaluation of a modified venous excess ultrasound (VExUS) protocol for estimation of venous congestion: a cohort study by Katharine C. Martin, Edward A. Gill, Ivor J. Douglas, August A. Longino

“…Agreement between tVExUS and mVExUS scores was near-perfect (Cohen's Kappa = 0.85). Conclusion mVExUS may be as effective as tVExUS in identifying elevated RAP. …”
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Biophilic Quality Matrix: A tool to evaluate the biophilic quality of a building during early design stage by Niranjika Wijesooriya, Arianna Brambilla, Lina Markauskaite

“…The statistical analysis revealed that the Cohen's kappa was .804 for Case 1 and .823 for Case 2, both indicating a strong agreement level by the tutors. …”
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Efficiency of Automated Viral RNA Purification for Pediatric Studies of Dengue and Zika in Hyperendemic Areas by Sandra L. Delgado, Piedad M. Perilla, Doris M. Salgado, María Clemencia Rojas, Carlos F. Narváez

“…The cycle thresholds of the TaqMan Triplex® commercial kit and the in-house assay for the detection of plasma ZIKV RNA isolated with the standard protocol showed a strong association (r = 0.93, P<0.0001) and a Cohen Kappa index of 0.98 when all 249 samples were analyzed. …”
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