Maturation of the GABAergic Transmission in Normal and Pathologic Motoneurons by Anne-Emilie Allain, Hervé Le Corronc, Alain Delpy, William Cazenave, Pierre Meyrand, Pascal Legendre, Pascal Branchereau

“…γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting on Cl−-permeable ionotropic type A (GABAA) receptors (GABAAR) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult central nervous system of vertebrates. In immature brain structures, GABA exerts depolarizing effects mostly contributing to the expression of spontaneous activities that are instructive for the construction of neural networks but GABA also acts as a potent trophic factor. …”
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Proton Pump Inhibitors and Dementia: Physiopathological Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences by Gloria Ortiz-Guerrero, Diana Amador-Muñoz, Carlos Alberto Calderón-Ospina, Daniel López-Fuentes, Mauricio Orlando Nava Mesa

“…Considering the controversy between PPI use and dementia risk, as well as both cognitive and neuroprotective effects, the aim of this review is to examine the relationship between PPI use and brain effects from a neurobiological and clinical perspective.…”
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A volumetric study of the choroid plexus in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus by Hu Liu, Huiyang Liu, Huanhuan Li, Bailing Tian, Zhen Sun, Wen Xiong, Zhenxing Li, Pingting Yang, Guoguang Fan

“…This retrospective study evaluated patients with SLE who underwent MRI of the brain, including three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging. …”
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Diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR MRI in the detection of meningitis by Sanjay P., Vittal Manohar, Sushmita Balol, Yashwanth Naik M.B.

“…Method: A retrospective study was conducted on 53 patients with clinically suspected meningitis referred for brain MRI. Twenty-seven patients, positive for meningitis on CSF analysis, were classified as the case group; the remaining patients were designated as controls. …”
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Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Predicts Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Jie Yang, Chuanmei Liu, Lingling Li, Xiongwen Tu, Zhiwei Lu

“…RDW shared positive relationships with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (p=0.001, r = 0.513), pulmonary artery (PA) systolic pressure (p=0.014, r = 0.390), and PA-to-ascending aorta (A) ratio (PA : A) (p=0.001, r = 0.502). …”
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Potential Role of ANGPTL4 in the Cross Talk between Metabolism and Cancer through PPAR Signaling Pathway by Laura La Paglia, Angela Listì, Stefano Caruso, Valeria Amodeo, Francesco Passiglia, Viviana Bazan, Daniele Fanale

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Optimized Naive-Bayes and Decision Tree Approaches for fMRI Smoking Cessation Classification by Amirhessam Tahmassebi, Amir H. Gandomi, Mieke H. J. Schulte, Anna E. Goudriaan, Simon Y. Foo, Anke Meyer-Baese

“…In this regard, the feature matrix was extracted from the image slices of brain employing voxel selection schemes and data reduction algorithms. …”
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Research on the robustness of convolutional neural networks in image recognition by Dian LIN, Li PAN, Ping YI

“…Convolutional neural network is one of the key technologies in the application of image recognition and processing in artificial intelligence.Its wide application makes researches on its robustness more and more important.Previous researches on robustness of neural networks were too sweeping and most of them focused on adversarial robustness, which causes difficulty in further study in the mechanism of neural network robustness.The related researches of neuroscience were introduced and the concept of visual robustness was put forward.By studying the similarity and difference between neural network models and human visual system, the internal mechanism and faults of neural network robustness were revealed.The researches of neural network robustness in recent years were reviewed, and the reasons for the lack of robustness of neural network models were analyzed.The lack of robustness of neural networks is reflected in their sensitivity to small perturbations.The reason is that neural networks tend to learn high-frequency information for calculation and inference, which is difficult for humans to recognize.High-frequency information is easily affected by perturbations, and eventually causes mistakes of models.Previous researches on robustness mostly focused on mathematical properties of models, and were limited in the natural faults of neural networks.Visual robustness extends the traditional concept of robustness.The traditional concept of robustness measures the discrimination ability of models for distorted image examples.Distorted examples and clean examples can get correct outputs through robust models.Visual robustness measures the consistency between models and humans in discrimination ability.Visual robustness combines the research methods and achievements of neuroscience and psychology with artificial intelligence.The development of neuroscience in the field of vision were reviewed, and the application of research methods of cognitive psychology in neural network robustness were discussed.Human visual system has advantages in learning and abstract ability, whill neural network models have better performance in calculation speed and memory.The difference between the physiological structure of human brain and the logical structure of neural network models is the key factor leading to the problem of robustness of neural networks.The research of visual robustness requires deeper understanding of human visual system.Revealing the differences in cognitive mechanism between human visual system and neural network models and effectively improving the algorithm are the development trends of neural network robustness and even artificial intelligence.…”
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Unrecognized Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A as a Cause of Hypocalcemia and Seizures in a 64-Year-Old Woman by Patrizia Del Monte, Carla Micaela Cuttica, Alessandro Marugo, Luca Foppiani, Daniela Audenino, Tomasz Tadeusz Godowicz, Francesca Marta Elli, Giovanna Mantovani, Emilio Di Maria

“…Blood calcium was confirmed low, with increased parathyroid hormone, moderate 25OH-vitamin D deficiency, and normal creatinine. Brain CT scan revealed calcifications of the basal ganglia, cortical and subcortical white matter, and cerebellum. …”
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Exploring the influences of education, intelligence and income on mental disorders by Fuquan Zhang, Ancha Baranova, Hongbao Cao

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Beclin 1-Mediated Autophagy Is Potentiated by an Interaction with the Neuronal Adaptor FE65 by Wai Wa Ray Chan, Jessica Chow, Dennis Dik-Long Chau, Yuqi Zhai, Kwok-Fai Lau

“…Beclin 1 is the key component of PI3KC3-C1, and its interactors have been reported to affect autophagy. The brain-enriched adaptor protein FE65 has been shown to interact with Alzheimer’s disease amyloid precursor protein (APP) to alter the processing of APP. …”
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Digital measurement of ocular microtremor in Parkinson's disease: Protocol for a pilot study to assess reliability and clinical validation. by Lisa Graham, Rodrigo Vitorio, Richard Walker, Alan Godfrey, Rosie Morris, Samuel Stuart

“…The link between OMT and brain function provides a strong rationale for investigation as there lies potential for its use as a biomarker in populations with neurological impairments. …”
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Microglial C/EBPβ-Fcgr1 regulatory axis blocking inhibits microglial pyroptosis and improves neurological recovery by Jing Li, Yubing Yang, Chenguang Zhao, Jinghao Zhao, Xiaohui Wang, Shengshou Ye, Dong Wang, Chengdong Zhou, Jie Li, Shuang Wang, Ke Li, Chunmiao Liu, Xijing He, Jie Qin

“…Abstract CAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) is associated with inflammatory responses in neurodegenerative pathologies, particularly in the brain. However, the regulatory role of C/EBPβ in spinal cord injury and its impact on neurological recovery remain unknown. …”
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Noncanonical effects of vasopressin in angiogenesis by I. I. Khegay

“…The basic physiological effects of vasopressin are manifested in the blood vasculature, renal inner medulla and brain. To date, new information concerning the tissue-specific spreading of vasopressin receptors has been accumulated, and it needs to be summarized. …”
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The Impact of Visual Perturbation Neuromuscular Training on Landing Mechanics and Neural Activity: A Pilot Study by Timothy R Wohl, Cody R Criss, Adam L Haggerty, Justin L Rush, Janet E Simon, Dustin R Grooms

“…# Background Athletes at risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have concurrent deficits in visuocognitive function and sensorimotor brain functional connectivity. # Purpose This study aimed to determine whether visual perturbation neuromuscular training (VPNT, using stroboscopic glasses and external visual focus feedback) increases physical and cognitive training demand, improves landing mechanics, and reduces neural activity for knee motor control…”
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Atypical presentation of Andersen-Tawil syndrome: heart failure with reduced ejection without periodic paralysis or dysmorphic features by Mustafa Shehzad, Dawood Shehzad, Muhammad Ahmad, Sundus Huma, Shaheer Minhas, Abdul Wassey

“…Cardiovascular examination revealed an S3 heart sound and elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels at 875 pg/ml, with undetectable troponins; potassium level on admission was 3.6 mEq/l. …”
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Case Report: The first Korean familial case of BCAP31-related deafness, dystonia, and cerebral hypomyelination by Yoong-A Suh, Jisun Hwang, Go Hun Seo, Rin Khang, Jang Hoon Lee, Moon Sung Park, Young Bae Sohn

“…The male proband, born prematurely with very low birth weight (VLBW), exhibited severe global developmental delay, microcephaly, failure to thrive, dystonia, seizures, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) requiring cochlear implantation, and mild facial dysmorphism. A brain MRI revealed white matter atrophy, thinning of the corpus callosum, and delayed myelination. …”
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Part 4. Clinical Practice Guideline for Surveillance and Imaging Studies of Trauma Patients in the Trauma Bay from the Korean Society of Traumatology by Sung Wook Chang, Kang Kook Choi, O Hyun Kim, Maru Kim, Gil Jae Lee, Korean Society of Traumatology (KST) Clinical Research Group

“…For the diagnosis of suspected head trauma patients, brain computed tomography (CT) should be performed as an initial examination (1B). …”
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An unstable variant of GAP43 leads to neurodevelopmental deficiency by Mariko Noda, Ayumi Matsumoto, Hidenori Ito, Masayo Kagami, Toshihiro Tajima, Takayoshi Matsumura, Takanori Yamagata, Koh-ichi Nagata

“…Collectively, these findings confirmed the critical roles of GAP43 in brain development and the pathological basis of GAP43-associated diseases. …”
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Detection of Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Using [F]DPA-714 PET Imaging by Clément Thomas MD, Johnny Vercouillie PhD, Aurélie Doméné, Clovis Tauber PhD, Michael Kassiou PhD, Denis Guilloteau PhD, Christophe Destrieux MD, PhD, Sophie Sérrière PhD, Sylvie Chalon PhD

“…We used the rat filament model and evaluated (at 48 hours postsurgery) the intensity of neuroinflammation using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) tracer [ 18 F]DPA-714, quantitative autoradiography with [ 3 H]PK-11195, and SAH grade by postmortem brain picture. High SAH grades were strongly and positively correlated with in vivo PET imaging of TSPO in the cortex and striatum. …”
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