Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children with Accidental Diagnosis of Unilateral Small Size Kidney by Mohsen Mohammadi, Khadijeh Ebrahimi, Soraya Khafri, Maryam Nikpour, Hadi Sorkhi

“…Results: The mean age of the children with small-size kidneys was 5.52 ± 3.70 years, and 58.1% were boys. Out of the 86 children, 28 (32.6%) were found to have VUR, with approximately 71.4% of them being boys. …”
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Relationship of Child Perceptions of Maternal Pain to Children’s Laboratory and Nonlaboratory Pain by Subhadra Evans, Jennie CI Tsao, Lonnie K Zeltzer

“…No such differences were found for boys. The findings suggest that children’s perceptions of maternal pain may play a role in influencing children’s own experience of pain, and that maternal pain models may affect boys and girls differently.…”
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The Acute Phase Proteins Reaction in Children Suffering from Pseudocroup by Beata Pucher, Magdalena Sobieska, Michal Grzegorowski, Jaroslaw Szydlowski

“…W1 and W2 were decreased in boys. W3 emerged in boys. The Tf concentration and T4 variant were lower compared to the control group. …”
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Justice des mineurs, travail social et sexualité juvénile dans le Paris des années 1950 : une prise en charge genrée by Véronique Blanchard, Régis Revenin

“…This paper written by two persons wishes to compare the “reform school” treatment reserved to girls and boys in the fifties, and to measure the differences and similarities in this treatment. …”
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« Combattre les perversions morales qui les ont poussées au mal » : la prise en charge de la déviance féminine par le tribunal pour mineurs de Valence (Espagne, 1939-1958) by Amélie Nuq

“…The grounds to send boys and girls to reformatory schools were different. …”
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Devenir styliste. Des trajectoires genrées dans les écoles de mode by Nicolas Divert

“…As they are quite few to be trained, boys are sought after and the « scar » linked to their unorthodox path turns into a source of distinction. …”
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La rencontre entre les délinquants et les pédés [1961] by Albert J. Reiss

“…It is seen as a financial transaction between boys and fellators which is governed by delinquent peer norms. …”
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Effects of Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality in Martial Arts Sports on Students’ Physical and Mental Health by JingGang Li, XiaoShuang Wang, LiJun Wang, Hyoungkil Kang

“…Through in-depth research on artificial intelligence and virtual reality technology, this paper shows that artificial intelligence and virtual reality martial arts sports can increase the lung capacity of boys by about 14% and girls by 16%; the effect on physical fitness can increase the lower body strength of boys by 3% and the flexibility of girls by 30%; as for the impact on mental health, it can be concluded that the emotional and cognitive dimensions of boys and girls have increased by about 19% compared with the previous values.…”
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Infants Born Large for Gestational Age and Developmental Attainment in Early Childhood by Cairina E. Frank, Kathy N. Speechley, Jennifer J. Macnab, M. Karen Campbell

“…Infants born LGA were not found to be at increased risk for poor verbal ability (aOR: 1.16 [0.49,2.72] and aOR: 0.83 [0.37,1.87] for girls and boys, resp.) or externalizing behaviour problems (aOR: 1.24 [0.52,2.93] and aOR: 1.24 [0.66,2.36] for girls and boys, resp.). …”
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Total Body Fat Content versus BMI in 4-Year-Old Healthy Swedish Children by Elisabet Forsum, Eva Flinke Carlsson, Hanna Henriksson, Pontus Henriksson, Marie Löf

“…Boys and girls contained 25.2±4.7 and 26.8±4.0% body fat, respectively. …”
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Positive secular trend in excess body weight in adolescents: A comparative study of 2007 and 2017/2018 data. by Fernanda Ulsula de Souza, Clair Costa Miranda, Mateus Augusto Bim, Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima, Isadora Gonzaga, Gaia Salvador Claumann, Thais Silva Beltrame, André de Araújo Pinto, Andreia Pelegrini

“…Boys (OR = 1.77) and girls (OR = 1.74) with inadequate muscle strength were more likely to have excess weight in 2017/2018 than their peers in 2007. …”
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Association between social support and leisure-time physical activity among high school students by Luiza Isnardi Cardoso Ricardo, Airton Rombaldi, Jorje Otte, Ana Perez, Mario Azevedo

“…Among the respondents, 50.3% (CI95% 46.9 - 53.7) of the sample was considered physically active during leisure-time, and boys (64.7%; CI95% 59.9 – 69.1) were more active than girls (36.8%; CI95% 31.7 – 40.9). …”
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Phenotypic and genotypic features of the full-term newborns with delayed conjugation jaundices in relation to gender of the child by O. K. Botvin'yev, A. I. Kolotilina, I. N. Razumovskaya, A. V. Yeremeyeva

“…Boys and girls differ by disease spectrum. Assessment of these diseases shows, that state of girls was more severe.Conclusions. …”
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A Study to Assess the Carrying Angle in Children Aged between 8 to 16 Years of Age by Pradip Patil, Umesh D. Jain, Amol Gowaikar, Salim A. Lad, Shivaji Kolli

“…The correlation coefficient r is highest with age in boys and girls while the r values with other variables show only negligible correlation. …”
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Situation of Pediatric Patients with Testicular Torsion in Times of COVID-19 by Marta Komarowska, Małgorzata Kowalska, Kamil Grubczak, Alicja Pawelczyk, Adam Hermanowicz, Wojciech Debek, Ewa Matuszczak

“…We analyzed the data collected from 44 patients (24 boys from first group vs. 20 boys from second group). …”
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Physical Activity and cardiovascular function in 9-year-old schoolchildren: implications for health and well-being by Irina Masliak, Margarita Mameshina, Marina Jagiello

“…The study participants were 27 students of the 3rd grade (10 boys, 17 girls) of secondary school № 58 in Kharkiv, Ukraine. …”
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Comparison of growth hormone therapy response according to the presence of growth hormone deficiency in children born small for gestational age with short stature in Korea: a retro... by Ha Young Jo, Hyun Ji Jang, Chong Kun Cheon, Ju Young Yoon, Sukdong Yoo, Jung Hyun Lee, Jeong Eun Lee, Ye Jin Kim, Sejin Kim, Hyun-Ji Kim, Im Jeong Choi, Min Jung Kwak

“…Results The standard deviation scores (SDSs) for baseline weight and body mass index (BMI) were significantly lower in boys without GHD than in boys with GHD. The SDS for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was lower among boys without GHD than among boys with GHD, while the SDS for insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) was higher among girls without GHD than among girls with GHD; however, there was no significant difference when comparing all children with GHD to those without GHD. …”
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The Changes of Serum Leptin and Kisspeptin Levels in Chinese Children and Adolescents in Different Pubertal Stages by Hui juan Zhu, Su juan Li, Hui Pan, Naishi Li, Dian xi Zhang, Lin jie Wang, Hong bo Yang, Qinyong Wu, Feng ying Gong

“…Obese/overweight girls had higher kisspeptin levels, and there was a positive correlation between kisspeptin and FSH and LH and obesity-related parameters in all boys and girls.…”
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Abnormalities of Penile Curvature: Chordee and Penile Torsion by Sylvia Montag, Lane S. Palmer

“…Congenital chordee and penile torsion are commonly observed in the presence of hypospadias, but can also be seen in boys with the meatus in its orthotopic position. …”
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Les meurtres commis par des enfants en France au XIXe siècle : une étude sociale by Thomas Fadlallah

“…On the 12th of February 1992 in Bootle, near Liverpool, two ten-year-old boys abducted, tortured and murdered James Patrick Bulger, aged two. …”
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