Immune System in the Brain: A Modulatory Role on Dendritic Spine Morphophysiology? by Oscar Kurt Bitzer-Quintero, Ignacio González-Burgos

“…The brain parenchyma is separated from the periphery by the blood brain barrier, which under normal conditions prevents the entry of mediators such as activated leukocytes, antibodies, complement factors, and cytokines. …”
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Metabolomic and lipidomic pathways in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage by Bosco Seong Kyu Yang, Spiros L. Blackburn, Philip L. Lorenzi, Huimahn A. Choi, Aaron M. Gusdon

“…They are comprised of a wide variety of subspecies and are critical for cellular energy metabolism, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, the formation of cell membranes, and intercellular signaling including neuroinflammation and ferroptosis. …”
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Nanoparticle Therapy Is a Promising Approach in the Management and Prevention of Many Diseases: Does It Help in Curing Alzheimer Disease? by Lamyaa M. Kassem, Nada A. Ibrahim, S. Ayesha Farhana

“…Treatment of brain diseases is always limited by the physiological nature of the highly selective blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the electrostatic charge of the nanoporous extracellular matrix. …”
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Development of Microneedle Patch Loaded with Bacopa monnieri Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Effective Management of Parkinson’s Disease by Delna Joy, Jobin Jose, Shabana Bibi, Akshay Bandiwadekar, Gopika Gopan, Clara Mariana Gonçalves Lima, Talha Bin Emran, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Harsha Ashtekar, Sandeep D. S, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior

“…The bloodless and painless microneedle arrays through the transdermal route deliver the drug across the blood-brain barrier at the desired concentration. The quality by design (QbD) approach was employed for optimizing the SLNs formulations. …”
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Epigenetic regulation of the inflammatory response in stroke by Jingyi Liang, Fei Yang, Zixiao Li, Qian Li

“…Immunologic mechanisms play a critical role in secondary brain injury following a stroke, which manifests as cytokine release, blood–brain barrier disruption, neuronal cell death, and ultimately behavioral impairment. …”
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Alzheimer's disease and gut-brain axis: Drosophila melanogaster as a model by Samuel de Mattos Alves, Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho, Carolina Letícia Zilli Vieira, Marina Piacenti-Silva

“…In addition to genetic background, endocrine disruption, and cellular senescence, management of the gut microbiota has emerged as a key element in the diagnosis, progression, and treatment of AD, as certain bacterial metabolites can travel through the bloodstream and cross the blood-brain barrier. This mini-review explores the relationship between tau protein accumulation and gut dysbiosis in Drosophila melanogaster. …”
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Sesquiterpene Lactones as Promising Anti-Glioblastoma Drug Candidates Exerting Complex Effects on Glioblastoma Cell Viability and Proneural–Mesenchymal Transition by Andrey V. Markov, Arseny D. Moralev, Kirill V. Odarenko

“…An analysis of published data clearly demonstrated that STLs, which can successfully cross the blood–brain barrier, exert a complex inhibitory effect on glioblastoma cells through the induction of the “mitochondrial dysfunction–oxidative stress–apoptosis” axis, the inhibition of glucose metabolism and cell cycle phase transition, and the suppression of glioblastoma cell motility and invasion through the blockade of proneural–mesenchymal transition. …”
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How does the tea L-theanine buffer stress and anxiety by Liwen Wang, Margaret Brennan, Shiming Li, Hui Zhao, Klaus W. Lange, Charles Brennan

“…As a naturally occurring structural analogue of glutamate, L-theanine competes for the receptors with glutamate and is able to pass the blood-brain barrier to exert its relaxation effect. This review focuses on the relaxation effect of L-theanine, including animal models and the latest human trials as well as the potential molecular mechanisms regarding neuron stem cells. …”
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Applications of polymeric nanoparticles in drug delivery for glioblastoma by Shuhan Liu, Shuhan Liu, Shuhan Liu, Shuhan Liu, Bin Tan, Feng Wang, Feng Wang, Ying Yu

“…Polymer-based nanotechnology has emerged as a promising solution, offering precise drug delivery, enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and adaptability to the tumor microenvironment (TME). …”
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Alzheimer’s Disease and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>: Exploring the Links by Ivana Shawkatova, Vladimira Durmanova, Juraj Javor

“…Virulence factors, such as gingipains and lipopolysaccharides, were shown to be implicated in blood–brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage. …”
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The Development of Alternative Dosage Form for Creatine Monohydrate: A Floating Tablet by Arifatu Nur Hidayah, Anas Ardiana Wati, Nunung Yuniarti, Marlyn Dian Laksitorini

“…Creatine monohydrate has been developed as a neuroprotective agent and can penetrate in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. However, its delivery is hampered by its limited capacity of creatine transporter. …”
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The Use of Antisense-Mediated Inhibition to Delineate The Role of Inflammatory Agents in The Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury by Damien D. Pearse, Francisco C. Pereira, Katina Chatzipanteli, Francisco W. Dalton Dietrich, Mary Bartlett Bunge

“…During this period, glia and immune cells respond to chemical cues associated with the debris of lysed neurons, disrupted axons, and a broken blood-brain-barrier by releasing a battery of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and, interleukin-β (IL-1β) as well as reactive oxygen species such as nitric oxide (NO-)[2]. …”
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G1 Cell Cycle Arrest Is Induced by the Fourth Extracellular Loop of Meningococcal PorA in Epithelial and Endothelial Cells by Matthew Vassey, Rininta Firdaus, Akhmed Aslam, Lee M. Wheldon, Neil J. Oldfield, Dlawer A. A. Ala’Aldeen, Karl G. Wooldridge

“…Neisseria meningitidis is the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis and is one of the few bacterial pathogens that can breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The 37/67 kDa laminin receptor (LamR) was previously identified as a receptor mediating meningococcal binding to rodent and human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which form part of the BBB. …”
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MRI-guided focused ultrasound for treating Parkinson’s disease with human mesenchymal stem cells by Sheng-Kai Wu, Chia-Lin Tsai, Aisha Mir, Kullervo Hynynen

“…MRgFUS-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability modulation was conducted using an acoustic controller with the targets at the striatum (ST) and SN. …”
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A new taxonomy of neuroprotective agents for stroke appropriate for the reperfusion era by Mersedeh Bahr-Hosseini, Jeffrey L. Saver

“…We propose a new taxonomy of neuroprotective treatment agents appropriate for the reperfusion era that recognizes six broad classes of agents, each targeting a distinct process and time epoch of injury: (1) Bridging neuroprotectives slow infarct expansion in the pre-reperfusion period, (2) Blood–brain barrier stabilizers restore the integrity of BBB before and early after reperfusion, (3) Microcirculation lumen preservers protect arteriolar and capillary endothelial cell integrity deterring the no-reflow phenomenon, (4) Reperfusion injury preventors block inflammatory, oxidative, and other processes that start immediately after reperfusion, (5) Edema reducers avert cerebral swelling and secondary injury due to brain tissue compression and herniation, and (6) Delayed neuroprotectives mitigate injury due to apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the late post-reperfusion period. …”
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Kinetic Analysis of 2-[C]Thymidine PET Imaging Studies of Malignant Brain Tumors: Preliminary Patient Results by Joanne M. Wells, David A. Mankoff, Janet F. Eary, Alexander M. Spence, Mark Muzi, Finbarr O'Sullivan, Cheryl B. Vernon, Jeanne M. Link, Kenneth A. Krohn

“…The model was able to distinguish between increased thymidine transport due to blood–brain barrier breakdown and increased tracer retention associated with tumor cell proliferation. …”
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Identifying natural inhibitors against FUS protein in dementia through machine learning, molecular docking, and dynamics simulation by Darwin Li

“…Originating from medicinal plants, these compounds are not only structurally compatible with the target protein but also adhere to pharmacokinetic profiles suitable for drug development, including optimal molecular weight and LogP values conducive to blood-brain barrier penetration. This computational exploration paves the way for subsequent experimental validation and highlights the potential of these natural compounds as innovative agents in the treatment of dementia.…”
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Chemokine Expression in Human Astrocytes in Response to Shiga Toxin 2 by Naomi Kioka, Koichi Minami, Akira Tamura, Norishige Yoshikawa

“…It has been suggested that Stx-induced damage to human brain endothelial cells, which are essential constituents of the blood-brain barrier, plays a crucial role in the development of the CNS complications. …”
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Necrostatin-1 Reduces Neurovascular Injury after Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Melanie D. King, Wittstatt A. Whitaker-Lea, James M. Campbell, Cargill H. Alleyne, Krishnan M. Dhandapani

“…Necrostatin-1 also limited cell death by 48%, reduced blood-brain barrier opening by 51%, attenuated edema development to sham levels, and improved neurobehavioral outcomes after ICH. …”
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Unveiling the biological effects of radio-frequency and extremely-low frequency electromagnetic fields on the central nervous system performance by Ramin Eskandani, Mohammad Ismail Zibaii

“…Results: Exposure to RF-EMR can potentially exert adverse effects on the performance of CNS by inducing changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), neurotransmitter levels, calcium channel regulation, myelin protein structure, the antioxidant defense system, and metabolic processes. …”
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