YOLO-SDLUWD: YOLOv7-based small target detection network for infrared images in complex backgrounds by Jinxiu Zhu, Chao Qin, Dongmin Choi

“…The “SDLUWD” refers to the combination of the Spatial Depth layer followed Convolutional layer structure (SD-Conv) and a Linear Up-sampling fusion Path Aggregation Feature Pyramid Network (LU-PAFPN) and a training strategy based on the normalized Gaussian Wasserstein Distance loss (WD-loss) function. …”
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Early Mechanical and Microstructure Evolution Characteristics of Concrete in Steam Curing Condition by Shengrong Liao, Chunming Xiao, Yuhao Cui, Yan Xue

“…Under the standard curing condition, the hydration product structure of concrete is more compact, which is conducive to the growth of dynamic elastic modulus in a later period. …”
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Seismic Behavior of Pile Group Foundations in Soft Clay: Insights from Nonlinear Numerical Modeling by Mohsen Saleh Asheghabadi, Wenchang Shang, Junwei Liu, Haibao Feng, Lingyun Feng, Tengfei Sun, Jiankai Sun, Hongxuan Zhao

“…Pile foundations are commonly used to support structures subjected to complex loading conditions. …”
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Diagnostic applications of the "pattern" electroretinography and visual evoked potentials in the evaluation of disorders of visual pathway function in Parkinson’s disease by Stamenović Jelena, Živadinović Biljana, Đurić Vanja, Ljubisavljević Srđan

“…Applied neurophysiological techniques may record early changes in the function of retinal structures and the optic nerve in PD, which might be significant from both the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.…”
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Terahertz Metalens for Multifocusing Bidirectional Arrangement in Different Dimensions by Jicheng Wang, Jing Ma, Zhenqiu Shu, Zheng-Da Hu, Xiaojun Wu

“…Herein, ultra-thin-phase metasurface structures based on complementary square-split-ring (SSR) nanoantennas have been proposed to achieve terahertz (THz) optical metalenses with multidimensionality and multifocusing. …”
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Socio‐ecological correlates of wildlife species identification across rural communities in northern Tanzania by Justin Raycraft, Reilly Becchina, Danielle Bettermann, Stephen Koester, Elana Kriegel, Kiana Lindsay, Edwin Maingo Ole, Emily Ramirez, Bryan Spizuco, Christian Kiffner

“…We showed photographs of 17 mammal species to participants and assessed species identification ability. Using a generalized linear mixed model within a Bayesian framework that accommodated the hierarchical data structure and non‐independence of the data, we tested specific hypotheses regarding the correlations of species identification accuracy with human demographic (ethnicity, education, age, wealth, gender), geographic (Human Footprint Index [HFI], distance to protected areas, district) and species‐specific (conservation status, activity patterns, body mass, diet) variables. …”
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Interaction between the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and vitamin D deficiency on left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired diastolic function in patients with t... by Yun-Ming Li, Jia-Yi Huang, Ran Guo, Shi-Ming Li, Cong Chen, Min Wu, Run Wang, Ming-Ya Liu, Kai-Hang Yiu

“…The association between NFS and LV structure and diastolic function was assessed using multivariable linear regression models stratified by vitamin D levels. …”
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Quantum Geometric Engineering of Dual Hall Effects in 2D Antiferromagnetic Bilayers via Interlayer Magnetic Coupling by Zhenning Sun, Tao Wang, Hao Jin, Xinru Li, Yadong Wei, Jian Wang

“…By tuning interlayer magnetic couplings, reversible switching between these phases is achieved, leveraging their distinct band structures and symmetry constraints. The Néel‐vector‐dependent AHE in the AM phase and the symmetry‐protected NAHE in the AFM phase highlight quantum geometry as a versatile tool for manipulating transport properties. …”
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Dynamic shimming in the cervical spinal cord for multi-echo gradient-echo imaging at 3 T by E. Alonso-Ortiz, D. Papp, A. D'Astous, J. Cohen-Adad

“…Obtaining high quality images of the spinal cord with MRI is difficult, partly due to the fact that the spinal cord is surrounded by a number of structures that have differing magnetic susceptibility. …”
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Impact of interface roughness correlation on resonant tunnelling diode variation by Pranav Acharya, Naveen Kumar, Ankit Dixit, Jaehyun Lee, Vihar Georgiev

“…For each correlation length, 25 RTD device structures with IR were randomly generated. Device variation was quantified as the standard deviation of the resonant peak current ( $$I_r$$ ) and the corresponding bias voltage ( $$V_r$$ ), both extracted from the non-linear RTD current-voltage (IV) characteristics. …”
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Methods for Connecting a Concentrically Shaped Sensing Element of Microaccelerometers on Surface Acoustic Waves by M. A. Sorvina, A. S. Kukaev

“…The authors propose to use microaccelerometers based on surface acoustic waves, which are solid-state monolithic structures capable of withstanding high shock loads. …”
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Correlation between salivary dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels and cervical vertebral maturation in Saudi individuals by Sarah Z. Al Meshari, AlJazi H. Aldweesh

“…Biochemical biomarkers have an association with bone metabolism and produce signals which stimulate the growth and development of various craniofacial structures. Steroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) plays a major role in the initiation of growth hormone actions which has a significant role in promoting and accelerating skeletal maturation during puberty. …”
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A Dynamic Analysis of a Cantilever Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester with Maximized Electric Polarization Due to the Optimal Shape of the Thickness for First Eigen Frequency by Paulius Skėrys, Rimvydas Gaidys

“…This work establishes a practical route for optimizing unimorph structures in real-world applications requiring efficient energy capture from low-frequency ambient vibrations.…”
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Three-dimensional integral dry friction model for the motion of a rectangular body by M. S. Salimov, I. V. Merkuriev

“…Such mobile robots can be used when solving a wide class of problems: when creating autonomous robots for the exploration of outer space and planets; in the diagnosis and treatment in case of passing through complex structures of veins and arteries; in research under water, in places of large differential temperature; in underground operations.…”
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An Effective Feature Extraction Method for Tomato Leafminer - Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Classification by Tahsin Uygun, Serhat Kiliçarslan, Cemil Közkurt, Mehmet Metin Ozguven

“…While excessive use of insecticides harms human health and environmental pollution, it also increases production costs, causes changes in the genetic structures of pests, causing them to become more resistant, and makes agricultural control difficult. …”
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Spatial Characterization of Channeling in Sheared Rough‐Walled Fractures in the Transition to Nonlinear Fluid Flow by Robert Egert, Fabian Nitschke, Maziar Gholami Korzani, Thomas Kohl

“…Nonlinear effects primarily manifest outside these channels, suggesting that complex flow phenomena may dominate irregular fracture structures, such as contact zones or asperities. In the parallel case, increased flow rates lead to an amplification of channeling processes resulting in less affected volume and diminished tortuosity of the main flow path, while in perpendicular orientation nonlinear effects are only of minor importance. …”
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Exploitation of OCO-3 Satellite Data to Analyse Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Mt. Etna Volcano by Vito Romaniello, Gaetana Ganci

“…The Snapshot Area Map (SAM) acquisition mode enables the capture of targeted snapshots over volcanic regions, allowing for the measurement of CO₂ concentrations in the vicinity of volcanic structures. In this work, we analyse 62 OCO-3 images acquired between 2020 and 2023, focusing on measurements within a 20 km radius of Mt. …”
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Shrinkage Mechanism of Laterite Modified by Lime and Metakaolin by Yunzhi Tan, Yan Hu, Rui Chen, Wenjing Sun

“…Moreover, metakaolin is composed of amorphous silicon and aluminium oxides and shared edge-face structures on the microscopic scale; hence, it can considerably capture calcium ions from a lime solution, generating cementitious hydrates in the interaggregates of laterite. …”
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Comparing factor mixture modeling and conditional Gaussian mixture variational autoencoders for cognitive profile clustering by Matteo Orsoni, Sara Giovagnoli, Sara Garofalo, Noemi Mazzoni, Matilde Spinoso, Mariagrazia Benassi

“…While traditional methods like factor mixture modeling (FMM) have proven robust for identifying latent cognitive structures, recent advancements in deep learning may offer the potential to capture more intricate and complex cognitive patterns.MethodsThis study compares FMM (specifically, FMM-1 and FMM-2 models using age as a covariate) with a Conditional Gaussian Mixture Variational Autoencoder (CGMVAE). …”
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Optimization of geometry forms for wind mill mouth of the “rotor-in-socket” type by Vladimir A. Kostyukov, Mikhail Yu. Medvedev, Andrey N. Maevskiy, Nikolay K. Poluyanovich, Vasily V. Savchenko

“…Such wind power plants meet and exceed, at any rate upon the average, the corresponding classical vertical axis structures.…”
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