Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells to enhance bone and dental tissue regeneration: a literature review

Abstract Background Recently, the importance and innovative applications of extracellular vesicles in bone and dental pulp tissue engineering have attracted more attention. Moreover, the use of extracellular vesicles derived from various cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, has been extensive...

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Main Authors: Xinyi Li, Minjia Zhu, Le Xiao, Jingyi Li, Kan Yu, Qinrou Zhang, Jialiang Dai, Zihan Jia, Zixiang Dai, Zheng Su, Ke Zhang, Yuxing Bai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Nanobiotechnology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03585-7
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author Xinyi Li
Minjia Zhu
Le Xiao
Jingyi Li
Kan Yu
Qinrou Zhang
Jialiang Dai
Zihan Jia
Zixiang Dai
Zheng Su
Ke Zhang
Yuxing Bai
author_facet Xinyi Li
Minjia Zhu
Le Xiao
Jingyi Li
Kan Yu
Qinrou Zhang
Jialiang Dai
Zihan Jia
Zixiang Dai
Zheng Su
Ke Zhang
Yuxing Bai
author_sort Xinyi Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Recently, the importance and innovative applications of extracellular vesicles in bone and dental pulp tissue engineering have attracted more attention. Moreover, the use of extracellular vesicles derived from various cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, has been extensively examined. However, the understanding of the intricate mechanisms, diverse applications, and potential uses of extracellular vesicles originating from Schwann cells in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, neurovascularized osteogenesis, and dental pulp regeneration remains largely unexplored and under-investigated. This is the first review to provide a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge researches on Schwann cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SCs-EVs) in the context of tissue regeneration. It emphasizes the emerging understanding of key bioactive molecules in SCs-EVs, including RNAs and proteins, and their role in promoting tissue regeneration. Furthermore, this review describes for the first time how bioactive molecules achieve neurogenic, angiogenic, osteogenic and odontogenic efficacy by activating related mechanistic pathways. In addition to these insights, the review also generalizes the potential clinical applications of SCs-EVs, both in the present and looking forward to future advancements in the field. Conclusions SCs-EVs exhibit an impressive and effective capability for the delivery of RNAs and proteins, which play a crucial role in activating multiple biological mechanisms. Their remarkable combination with a diverse array of materials has demonstrated significant potential for facilitating tissue repair and regeneration across various biological systems. This review meticulously summarizes the various types of RNAs, proteins, and the related mechanisms that contribute to essential processes such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and odontogenesis, highlighting their importance in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we delve into the forefront of research and the potential applications of SCs-EVs specifically in the context of bone and dental tissue regeneration. The recent advancements in the development of SCs-EVs, alongside innovative biomaterial scaffolds, present a promising and transformative approach to enhancing therapeutic effectiveness in the regeneration of nerve, vascular, bone, and dental tissues, paving the way for future breakthroughs in regenerative therapies.
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spelling doaj-art-ff938e2355bd4e7fa0a74427175e958d2025-08-20T04:02:55ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-07-0123111410.1186/s12951-025-03585-7Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells to enhance bone and dental tissue regeneration: a literature reviewXinyi Li0Minjia Zhu1Le Xiao2Jingyi Li3Kan Yu4Qinrou Zhang5Jialiang Dai6Zihan Jia7Zixiang Dai8Zheng Su9Ke Zhang10Yuxing Bai11Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Healthcare Center, Capital Medical University School of StomatologyDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Background Recently, the importance and innovative applications of extracellular vesicles in bone and dental pulp tissue engineering have attracted more attention. Moreover, the use of extracellular vesicles derived from various cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, has been extensively examined. However, the understanding of the intricate mechanisms, diverse applications, and potential uses of extracellular vesicles originating from Schwann cells in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, neurovascularized osteogenesis, and dental pulp regeneration remains largely unexplored and under-investigated. This is the first review to provide a comprehensive overview of the cutting-edge researches on Schwann cell-derived extracellular vesicles (SCs-EVs) in the context of tissue regeneration. It emphasizes the emerging understanding of key bioactive molecules in SCs-EVs, including RNAs and proteins, and their role in promoting tissue regeneration. Furthermore, this review describes for the first time how bioactive molecules achieve neurogenic, angiogenic, osteogenic and odontogenic efficacy by activating related mechanistic pathways. In addition to these insights, the review also generalizes the potential clinical applications of SCs-EVs, both in the present and looking forward to future advancements in the field. Conclusions SCs-EVs exhibit an impressive and effective capability for the delivery of RNAs and proteins, which play a crucial role in activating multiple biological mechanisms. Their remarkable combination with a diverse array of materials has demonstrated significant potential for facilitating tissue repair and regeneration across various biological systems. This review meticulously summarizes the various types of RNAs, proteins, and the related mechanisms that contribute to essential processes such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and odontogenesis, highlighting their importance in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we delve into the forefront of research and the potential applications of SCs-EVs specifically in the context of bone and dental tissue regeneration. The recent advancements in the development of SCs-EVs, alongside innovative biomaterial scaffolds, present a promising and transformative approach to enhancing therapeutic effectiveness in the regeneration of nerve, vascular, bone, and dental tissues, paving the way for future breakthroughs in regenerative therapies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03585-7Schwann cellsExtracellular vesiclesExosomesTissue engineering
spellingShingle Xinyi Li
Minjia Zhu
Le Xiao
Jingyi Li
Kan Yu
Qinrou Zhang
Jialiang Dai
Zihan Jia
Zixiang Dai
Zheng Su
Ke Zhang
Yuxing Bai
Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells to enhance bone and dental tissue regeneration: a literature review
Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Schwann cells
Extracellular vesicles
Exosomes
Tissue engineering
title Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells to enhance bone and dental tissue regeneration: a literature review
title_full Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells to enhance bone and dental tissue regeneration: a literature review
title_fullStr Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells to enhance bone and dental tissue regeneration: a literature review
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells to enhance bone and dental tissue regeneration: a literature review
title_short Extracellular vesicles derived from Schwann cells to enhance bone and dental tissue regeneration: a literature review
title_sort extracellular vesicles derived from schwann cells to enhance bone and dental tissue regeneration a literature review
topic Schwann cells
Extracellular vesicles
Exosomes
Tissue engineering
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03585-7
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