Stability of non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells: chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layer
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have improved power conversion efficiency (PCE); however, their stability remains challenging. This study evaluates the chemical stability and performance of non-fullerene acceptor-based OSCs (NFA-OSCs) using a blend of Poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-...
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Materials Research Express |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad9c1a |
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| author | Ian C Flores Yenny L Casallas-Moreno Ángel Sacramento Magali Ramírez-Como Marlene Camacho-Reynoso Víctor Cabrera Yuriy Kudriavtsev Carlos Rivera-Rodríguez Luis M Reséndiz |
| author_facet | Ian C Flores Yenny L Casallas-Moreno Ángel Sacramento Magali Ramírez-Como Marlene Camacho-Reynoso Víctor Cabrera Yuriy Kudriavtsev Carlos Rivera-Rodríguez Luis M Reséndiz |
| author_sort | Ian C Flores |
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| description | Organic solar cells (OSCs) have improved power conversion efficiency (PCE); however, their stability remains challenging. This study evaluates the chemical stability and performance of non-fullerene acceptor-based OSCs (NFA-OSCs) using a blend of Poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’-c:4’,5’-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PM6) and 2,2’-((2Z,2’Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2’,3’‘:4’,5’]thieno[2’,3’:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2’,3’:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y7). Inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) were examined using indium tin oxide (ITO) as the cathode, N,N’-Bis(N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine oxide)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDINO) as the electron transport layer (ETL), PM6:Y7 as the active layer, molybdenum trioxide (MoO _3 ) as the hole transport layer (HTL), and silver (Ag) as the anode. Over 270 days, without voltage application, NFA-iOSCs were exposed to ambient conditions, room temperature (RT) of 19.4 ± 0.4 °C and a relative humidity (RH) of 50 ± 5%, and monitored using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the active layer maintained stability with minimal degradation with or without protective layers (Ag and MoO _3 ). The TOF-SIMS and XPS analyses confirmed that oxygen did not diffuse into the layers where it was initially absent, thereby ensuring chemical stability. Raman spectroscopy results supported these findings, showing stable vibrational modes over time. This study highlights the degradation mechanisms of NFA-OSCs and the importance of protective layers in extending the device lifetime, contributing to the durability and commercial viability of OSCs, and advancing sustainable solar energy technologies. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2053-1591 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| series | Materials Research Express |
| spelling | doaj-art-fed25ce239644bb28f44f4981821d2df2024-12-17T10:32:59ZengIOP PublishingMaterials Research Express2053-15912024-01-01111212510310.1088/2053-1591/ad9c1aStability of non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells: chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layerIan C Flores0Yenny L Casallas-Moreno1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7998-2067Ángel Sacramento2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-3154Magali Ramírez-Como3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9313-8337Marlene Camacho-Reynoso4Víctor Cabrera5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-2695Yuriy Kudriavtsev6Carlos Rivera-Rodríguez7Luis M Reséndiz8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-9003Instituto Politécnico Nacional , SEPI, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas, Av. IPN No. 2580, 07340 Ciudad de México, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional , SEPI, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas, Av. IPN No. 2580, 07340 Ciudad de México, MexicoSección de Electrónica del Estado Sólido, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360 Ciudad de México, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional , SEPI, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas, Av. IPN No. 2580, 07340 Ciudad de México, MexicoDoctorado en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Av. IPN 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Ciudad de México, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional , SEPI, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas, Av. IPN No. 2580, 07340 Ciudad de México, MexicoSección de Electrónica del Estado Sólido, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360 Ciudad de México, MexicoDepartamento de Estudios del Ambiente, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ) , Carretera México-Toluca s/n, 52750, La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac, Estado de México, MexicoInstituto Politécnico Nacional , SEPI, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas, Av. IPN No. 2580, 07340 Ciudad de México, MexicoOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have improved power conversion efficiency (PCE); however, their stability remains challenging. This study evaluates the chemical stability and performance of non-fullerene acceptor-based OSCs (NFA-OSCs) using a blend of Poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’-c:4’,5’-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PM6) and 2,2’-((2Z,2’Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2’,3’‘:4’,5’]thieno[2’,3’:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2’,3’:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y7). Inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) were examined using indium tin oxide (ITO) as the cathode, N,N’-Bis(N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine oxide)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDINO) as the electron transport layer (ETL), PM6:Y7 as the active layer, molybdenum trioxide (MoO _3 ) as the hole transport layer (HTL), and silver (Ag) as the anode. Over 270 days, without voltage application, NFA-iOSCs were exposed to ambient conditions, room temperature (RT) of 19.4 ± 0.4 °C and a relative humidity (RH) of 50 ± 5%, and monitored using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the active layer maintained stability with minimal degradation with or without protective layers (Ag and MoO _3 ). The TOF-SIMS and XPS analyses confirmed that oxygen did not diffuse into the layers where it was initially absent, thereby ensuring chemical stability. Raman spectroscopy results supported these findings, showing stable vibrational modes over time. This study highlights the degradation mechanisms of NFA-OSCs and the importance of protective layers in extending the device lifetime, contributing to the durability and commercial viability of OSCs, and advancing sustainable solar energy technologies.https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad9c1anon-fullerene acceptor stabilityinverted organic solar cells (iOSC)PM6:Y7 active layer degradationTOF-SIMSXPS depth profiling |
| spellingShingle | Ian C Flores Yenny L Casallas-Moreno Ángel Sacramento Magali Ramírez-Como Marlene Camacho-Reynoso Víctor Cabrera Yuriy Kudriavtsev Carlos Rivera-Rodríguez Luis M Reséndiz Stability of non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells: chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layer Materials Research Express non-fullerene acceptor stability inverted organic solar cells (iOSC) PM6:Y7 active layer degradation TOF-SIMS XPS depth profiling |
| title | Stability of non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells: chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layer |
| title_full | Stability of non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells: chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layer |
| title_fullStr | Stability of non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells: chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stability of non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells: chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layer |
| title_short | Stability of non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells: chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layer |
| title_sort | stability of non fullerene acceptor based organic solar cells chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layer |
| topic | non-fullerene acceptor stability inverted organic solar cells (iOSC) PM6:Y7 active layer degradation TOF-SIMS XPS depth profiling |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ad9c1a |
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