Prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients in the southwestern province of Saudi Arabia: Confirmation using the GeneXpert analysis

Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients worldwide. Stool samples were collected from 112 inpatients admitted to different hospitals and were screened for C. difficile GDH + toxin A + B by immunoassay, and all positive samp...

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Main Authors: Nader Kameli, Vinod Kumar Basode, Ahmed Abdulhaq, Mohammed Uthman A. Alamoudi, Khalid Amaash Mohammed Zain, Ahmad Hassn Ghzwani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Libyan Journal of Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19932820.2023.2294571
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author Nader Kameli
Vinod Kumar Basode
Ahmed Abdulhaq
Mohammed Uthman A. Alamoudi
Khalid Amaash Mohammed Zain
Ahmad Hassn Ghzwani
author_facet Nader Kameli
Vinod Kumar Basode
Ahmed Abdulhaq
Mohammed Uthman A. Alamoudi
Khalid Amaash Mohammed Zain
Ahmad Hassn Ghzwani
author_sort Nader Kameli
collection DOAJ
description Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients worldwide. Stool samples were collected from 112 inpatients admitted to different hospitals and were screened for C. difficile GDH + toxin A + B by immunoassay, and all positive samples by immunoassay were processed for molecular detection of C. difficile using the GeneXpert assay. C. difficile strains were detected in 12 (10.71%) out of 112 stool samples using the GDH + toxin A + B immunoassay method and toxigenic C. difficile was confirmed in 5 stool samples using the GeneXpert molecular assay. C. difficile strains were also detected in 7 (8.97%) out of 78 stool samples from intensive care unit patients, 3 (25%) out of 12 stool samples from internal medicine ward patients, 1 (11.11%) out of 9 stool samples from surgery ward patients, and 1 (10%) out of 10 stool samples from isolation ward patients using the GDH + toxin A + B immunoassay method and the toxigenic C. difficile strain was confirmed in 1, 2, 1, and 1 stool samples, respectively, using the GeneXpert molecular assay. Toxigenic C. difficile was confirmed in patients at 4 (51.14%) out of 7 hospitals. In the present study, we also analyzed the clinical information of patients with C. difficile-positive stool samples who were receiving one or more antibiotics during hospitalization. The binary toxin gene (cdt), the tcdC gene, and the C. difficile strain polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotype 027 were not detected using the GeneXpert molecular assay among 12 C. difficile-positive samples by immunoassay. This study should aid in the prevention of unnecessary empiric therapy and increase the understanding of the toxigenic C. difficile burden on the healthcare system in the southwestern province of Saudi Arabia.
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spelling doaj-art-fe7c6a65f63d4f1bb5bd90d51596c4e82024-11-29T11:24:42ZengTaylor & Francis GroupLibyan Journal of Medicine1993-28201819-63572024-12-0119110.1080/19932820.2023.2294571Prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients in the southwestern province of Saudi Arabia: Confirmation using the GeneXpert analysisNader KameliVinod Kumar BasodeAhmed Abdulhaq0Mohammed Uthman A. Alamoudi1Khalid Amaash Mohammed Zain2Ahmad Hassn Ghzwani3Unit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaUnit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaUnit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaUnit of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaClostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients worldwide. Stool samples were collected from 112 inpatients admitted to different hospitals and were screened for C. difficile GDH + toxin A + B by immunoassay, and all positive samples by immunoassay were processed for molecular detection of C. difficile using the GeneXpert assay. C. difficile strains were detected in 12 (10.71%) out of 112 stool samples using the GDH + toxin A + B immunoassay method and toxigenic C. difficile was confirmed in 5 stool samples using the GeneXpert molecular assay. C. difficile strains were also detected in 7 (8.97%) out of 78 stool samples from intensive care unit patients, 3 (25%) out of 12 stool samples from internal medicine ward patients, 1 (11.11%) out of 9 stool samples from surgery ward patients, and 1 (10%) out of 10 stool samples from isolation ward patients using the GDH + toxin A + B immunoassay method and the toxigenic C. difficile strain was confirmed in 1, 2, 1, and 1 stool samples, respectively, using the GeneXpert molecular assay. Toxigenic C. difficile was confirmed in patients at 4 (51.14%) out of 7 hospitals. In the present study, we also analyzed the clinical information of patients with C. difficile-positive stool samples who were receiving one or more antibiotics during hospitalization. The binary toxin gene (cdt), the tcdC gene, and the C. difficile strain polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotype 027 were not detected using the GeneXpert molecular assay among 12 C. difficile-positive samples by immunoassay. This study should aid in the prevention of unnecessary empiric therapy and increase the understanding of the toxigenic C. difficile burden on the healthcare system in the southwestern province of Saudi Arabia.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19932820.2023.2294571Toxigenic and nontoxigenic Clostridium difficilenosocomial infectionClostridioides difficileGeneXpert Molecular assayImmunoassay for C. difficile
spellingShingle Nader Kameli
Vinod Kumar Basode
Ahmed Abdulhaq
Mohammed Uthman A. Alamoudi
Khalid Amaash Mohammed Zain
Ahmad Hassn Ghzwani
Prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients in the southwestern province of Saudi Arabia: Confirmation using the GeneXpert analysis
Libyan Journal of Medicine
Toxigenic and nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile
nosocomial infection
Clostridioides difficile
GeneXpert Molecular assay
Immunoassay for C. difficile
title Prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients in the southwestern province of Saudi Arabia: Confirmation using the GeneXpert analysis
title_full Prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients in the southwestern province of Saudi Arabia: Confirmation using the GeneXpert analysis
title_fullStr Prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients in the southwestern province of Saudi Arabia: Confirmation using the GeneXpert analysis
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients in the southwestern province of Saudi Arabia: Confirmation using the GeneXpert analysis
title_short Prevalence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients in the southwestern province of Saudi Arabia: Confirmation using the GeneXpert analysis
title_sort prevalence of toxigenic clostridium difficile in hospitalized patients in the southwestern province of saudi arabia confirmation using the genexpert analysis
topic Toxigenic and nontoxigenic Clostridium difficile
nosocomial infection
Clostridioides difficile
GeneXpert Molecular assay
Immunoassay for C. difficile
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19932820.2023.2294571
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