A Principal Component Analysis of Metabolome and Cognitive Decline Among Japanese Older Adults: Cross-sectional Analysis Using Tohoku Medical Megabank Cohort Study Data
Background: Dementia is the leading cause of disability and imposes a significant burden on society. Previous studies have suggested an association between metabolites and cognitive decline. Although the metabolite composition differs between Western and Asian populations, studies targeting Asian po...
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| Language: | English |
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Japan Epidemiological Association
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Epidemiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jea/35/1/35_JE20240099/_pdf |
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| author | Sakura Kiuchi Kumi Nakaya Upul Cooray Kenji Takeuchi Ikuko N. Motoike Naoki Nakaya Yasuyuki Taki Seizo Koshiba Shunji Mugikura Ken Osaka Atsushi Hozawa |
| author_facet | Sakura Kiuchi Kumi Nakaya Upul Cooray Kenji Takeuchi Ikuko N. Motoike Naoki Nakaya Yasuyuki Taki Seizo Koshiba Shunji Mugikura Ken Osaka Atsushi Hozawa |
| author_sort | Sakura Kiuchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Dementia is the leading cause of disability and imposes a significant burden on society. Previous studies have suggested an association between metabolites and cognitive decline. Although the metabolite composition differs between Western and Asian populations, studies targeting Asian populations remain scarce. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from a cohort survey of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years living in Miyagi, Japan, conducted by Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization between 2013 and 2016. Forty-three metabolite variables quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used as explanatory variables. Dependent variable was the presence of cognitive decline (≤23 points), assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed to reduce the dimensionality of metabolite variables, followed by logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cognitive decline. Results: A total of 2,940 participants were included (men: 49.0%, mean age: 67.6 years). Among them, 1.9% showed cognitive decline. The first 12 PC components (PC1–PC12) accounted for 71.7% of the total variance. Multivariate analysis showed that PC1, which mainly represented essential amino acids, was associated with lower odds of cognitive decline (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–0.98). PC2, which mainly included ketone bodies, was associated with cognitive decline (OR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.11–1.51). PC3, which included amino acids, was associated with lower odds of cognitive decline (OR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66–0.99). Conclusion: Amino acids are protectively associated with cognitive decline, whereas ketone metabolites are associated with higher odds of cognitive decline. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe22afe0d65c428f85d3b94e2dc9aa8b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0917-5040 1349-9092 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Japan Epidemiological Association |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Epidemiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-fe22afe0d65c428f85d3b94e2dc9aa8b2025-01-06T03:54:45ZengJapan Epidemiological AssociationJournal of Epidemiology0917-50401349-90922025-01-01351394610.2188/jea.JE20240099A Principal Component Analysis of Metabolome and Cognitive Decline Among Japanese Older Adults: Cross-sectional Analysis Using Tohoku Medical Megabank Cohort Study DataSakura Kiuchi0Kumi Nakaya1Upul Cooray2Kenji Takeuchi3Ikuko N. Motoike4Naoki Nakaya5Yasuyuki Taki6Seizo Koshiba7Shunji Mugikura8Ken Osaka9Atsushi Hozawa10Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, JapanDepartment of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, JapanTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, JapanTohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanBackground: Dementia is the leading cause of disability and imposes a significant burden on society. Previous studies have suggested an association between metabolites and cognitive decline. Although the metabolite composition differs between Western and Asian populations, studies targeting Asian populations remain scarce. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from a cohort survey of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years living in Miyagi, Japan, conducted by Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization between 2013 and 2016. Forty-three metabolite variables quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used as explanatory variables. Dependent variable was the presence of cognitive decline (≤23 points), assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Principal component (PC) analysis was performed to reduce the dimensionality of metabolite variables, followed by logistic regression analysis to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cognitive decline. Results: A total of 2,940 participants were included (men: 49.0%, mean age: 67.6 years). Among them, 1.9% showed cognitive decline. The first 12 PC components (PC1–PC12) accounted for 71.7% of the total variance. Multivariate analysis showed that PC1, which mainly represented essential amino acids, was associated with lower odds of cognitive decline (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80–0.98). PC2, which mainly included ketone bodies, was associated with cognitive decline (OR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.11–1.51). PC3, which included amino acids, was associated with lower odds of cognitive decline (OR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66–0.99). Conclusion: Amino acids are protectively associated with cognitive decline, whereas ketone metabolites are associated with higher odds of cognitive decline.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jea/35/1/35_JE20240099/_pdfcognitive impairmentmetabolomicsgeriatrics |
| spellingShingle | Sakura Kiuchi Kumi Nakaya Upul Cooray Kenji Takeuchi Ikuko N. Motoike Naoki Nakaya Yasuyuki Taki Seizo Koshiba Shunji Mugikura Ken Osaka Atsushi Hozawa A Principal Component Analysis of Metabolome and Cognitive Decline Among Japanese Older Adults: Cross-sectional Analysis Using Tohoku Medical Megabank Cohort Study Data Journal of Epidemiology cognitive impairment metabolomics geriatrics |
| title | A Principal Component Analysis of Metabolome and Cognitive Decline Among Japanese Older Adults: Cross-sectional Analysis Using Tohoku Medical Megabank Cohort Study Data |
| title_full | A Principal Component Analysis of Metabolome and Cognitive Decline Among Japanese Older Adults: Cross-sectional Analysis Using Tohoku Medical Megabank Cohort Study Data |
| title_fullStr | A Principal Component Analysis of Metabolome and Cognitive Decline Among Japanese Older Adults: Cross-sectional Analysis Using Tohoku Medical Megabank Cohort Study Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Principal Component Analysis of Metabolome and Cognitive Decline Among Japanese Older Adults: Cross-sectional Analysis Using Tohoku Medical Megabank Cohort Study Data |
| title_short | A Principal Component Analysis of Metabolome and Cognitive Decline Among Japanese Older Adults: Cross-sectional Analysis Using Tohoku Medical Megabank Cohort Study Data |
| title_sort | principal component analysis of metabolome and cognitive decline among japanese older adults cross sectional analysis using tohoku medical megabank cohort study data |
| topic | cognitive impairment metabolomics geriatrics |
| url | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jea/35/1/35_JE20240099/_pdf |
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