A Ka-Band Beam-Steering Radar Transmitter Using Active Multiplier and Coupled Delay Line Phase Shifter
This paper presents a Ka-band beam steering transmitter exploiting a coupled varactor loaded transmission line (VLTL) phase shifter and a CMOS transmitter chip with an integrated frequency multiplier. The short-coupled line couplers placed along a single VLTL provides multi-phase outputs while minim...
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2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10570389/ |
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| author | Kyu-Jin Choi Reem Song Chan-Jong Lee Jeong-Bae Yoon Dong-Yeol Yang Seuk-Won Kang Sangwook Nam Byung-Sung Kim |
| author_facet | Kyu-Jin Choi Reem Song Chan-Jong Lee Jeong-Bae Yoon Dong-Yeol Yang Seuk-Won Kang Sangwook Nam Byung-Sung Kim |
| author_sort | Kyu-Jin Choi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a Ka-band beam steering transmitter exploiting a coupled varactor loaded transmission line (VLTL) phase shifter and a CMOS transmitter chip with an integrated frequency multiplier. The short-coupled line couplers placed along a single VLTL provides multi-phase outputs while minimizing the impedance mismatch and unequal power distribution along the VLTLs. The inherent phase-accumulating nature along the VLTL reduces the burden of wide phase control range required for using separate phase shifters for each channel. Additionally, the frequency multiplier with a multiplication ratio of 8 reduces the required amount of phase change at the reference frequency and therefore the tuning range of the varactor, which also minimize a change of line characteristic impedance to ensure the impedance matching of the VLTL. Hence, a 32 GHz phased array transmitter is implemented using a single VLTL phase shifter operating at a low reference frequency of about 4 GHz. The fabricated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> phased array transmitter achieves a continuous beam steering range of ±20° in the E-plane using a single control voltage. The sidelobe level is below -10 dB at all scan angles and the peak effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is 38.1 dBm at 31.6 GHz and the 3-dB bandwidth of 2.4 GHz is achieved. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe0cdb7cfa124cbb87a8de0e9904c9e6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-fe0cdb7cfa124cbb87a8de0e9904c9e62024-11-28T00:00:58ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-0112946329464210.1109/ACCESS.2024.341871810570389A Ka-Band Beam-Steering Radar Transmitter Using Active Multiplier and Coupled Delay Line Phase ShifterKyu-Jin Choi0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4710-5032Reem Song1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-1777Chan-Jong Lee2https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7130-0956Jeong-Bae Yoon3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-7569Dong-Yeol Yang4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-8464Seuk-Won Kang5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-3008Sangwook Nam6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-1497Byung-Sung Kim7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3084-6499Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South KoreaCollege of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South KoreaResearch and Development Division, LG Electronics Inc., Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South KoreaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South KoreaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South KoreaCollege of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of New Media Communication, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South KoreaThis paper presents a Ka-band beam steering transmitter exploiting a coupled varactor loaded transmission line (VLTL) phase shifter and a CMOS transmitter chip with an integrated frequency multiplier. The short-coupled line couplers placed along a single VLTL provides multi-phase outputs while minimizing the impedance mismatch and unequal power distribution along the VLTLs. The inherent phase-accumulating nature along the VLTL reduces the burden of wide phase control range required for using separate phase shifters for each channel. Additionally, the frequency multiplier with a multiplication ratio of 8 reduces the required amount of phase change at the reference frequency and therefore the tuning range of the varactor, which also minimize a change of line characteristic impedance to ensure the impedance matching of the VLTL. Hence, a 32 GHz phased array transmitter is implemented using a single VLTL phase shifter operating at a low reference frequency of about 4 GHz. The fabricated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> phased array transmitter achieves a continuous beam steering range of ±20° in the E-plane using a single control voltage. The sidelobe level is below -10 dB at all scan angles and the peak effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is 38.1 dBm at 31.6 GHz and the 3-dB bandwidth of 2.4 GHz is achieved.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10570389/Phased-arrayVLTLbeam-steeringcouplerphase shiftertransmitter |
| spellingShingle | Kyu-Jin Choi Reem Song Chan-Jong Lee Jeong-Bae Yoon Dong-Yeol Yang Seuk-Won Kang Sangwook Nam Byung-Sung Kim A Ka-Band Beam-Steering Radar Transmitter Using Active Multiplier and Coupled Delay Line Phase Shifter IEEE Access Phased-array VLTL beam-steering coupler phase shifter transmitter |
| title | A Ka-Band Beam-Steering Radar Transmitter Using Active Multiplier and Coupled Delay Line Phase Shifter |
| title_full | A Ka-Band Beam-Steering Radar Transmitter Using Active Multiplier and Coupled Delay Line Phase Shifter |
| title_fullStr | A Ka-Band Beam-Steering Radar Transmitter Using Active Multiplier and Coupled Delay Line Phase Shifter |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Ka-Band Beam-Steering Radar Transmitter Using Active Multiplier and Coupled Delay Line Phase Shifter |
| title_short | A Ka-Band Beam-Steering Radar Transmitter Using Active Multiplier and Coupled Delay Line Phase Shifter |
| title_sort | ka band beam steering radar transmitter using active multiplier and coupled delay line phase shifter |
| topic | Phased-array VLTL beam-steering coupler phase shifter transmitter |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10570389/ |
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