Enzymatic Activity in the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cavitated Coffee Waste and Sewage Sludge
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HDC) as a pre-treatment method is innovative and has potential for wide-scale industrial applications. The novelty of this research involves evaluating the enzymatic activity in the anaerobic co-digestion (AcD) of hydrodynamically cavitated coffee waste (CW) and municipal se...
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| author | Elżbieta Wołejko Urszula Wydro Aleksandra Szaja Agnieszka Montusiewicz Magdalena Lebiocka |
| author_facet | Elżbieta Wołejko Urszula Wydro Aleksandra Szaja Agnieszka Montusiewicz Magdalena Lebiocka |
| author_sort | Elżbieta Wołejko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrodynamic cavitation (HDC) as a pre-treatment method is innovative and has potential for wide-scale industrial applications. The novelty of this research involves evaluating the enzymatic activity in the anaerobic co-digestion (AcD) of hydrodynamically cavitated coffee waste (CW) and municipal sewage sludge (SS) as well as its influence on the AcD performance. The effectiveness of AcD was assessed on the basis of changes in the physico-chemical composition of the feedstock and digestate as well as the biogas/methane yield, and attention was paid to the effect of coffee waste on enzyme activity, including that of β-Glucosidases (β-Glu), protease (PR), urease (URE), phosphomonoesterases acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP). Moreover, the changes in the heavy metal content after the AcD of CW and SS were investigated. Comparing the enzymatic activity of the feedstock and digestate, we observed that the URE, ACP and ALP activities were 4.5 to 11 times higher for the feedstock than the enzyme activities in the digestate. Moreover, when using CW cavitated for 30 min, the highest enzymatic activity in both the feedstock and digestate occurred. The results indicated that the relationship between the β-Glu activity and biogas yield showed the strongest positive correlation (r = 0.98 at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). At the same time, a positive correlation between the PAC, PAL, URE and PR activity and methane yield and methane content at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05 was observed. The obtained results allow us to conclude that, in the future, such a digestate could be used as a bio-fertilizer to improve degraded soil to activate microbial populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fdf8e8603cd14044a3ecc9bc48cbc82f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-fdf8e8603cd14044a3ecc9bc48cbc82f2025-01-10T13:17:21ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118118710.3390/en18010187Enzymatic Activity in the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cavitated Coffee Waste and Sewage SludgeElżbieta Wołejko0Urszula Wydro1Aleksandra Szaja2Agnieszka Montusiewicz3Magdalena Lebiocka4Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A Street, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A Street, 15-351 Bialystok, PolandFaculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, PolandFaculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, PolandFaculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, PolandHydrodynamic cavitation (HDC) as a pre-treatment method is innovative and has potential for wide-scale industrial applications. The novelty of this research involves evaluating the enzymatic activity in the anaerobic co-digestion (AcD) of hydrodynamically cavitated coffee waste (CW) and municipal sewage sludge (SS) as well as its influence on the AcD performance. The effectiveness of AcD was assessed on the basis of changes in the physico-chemical composition of the feedstock and digestate as well as the biogas/methane yield, and attention was paid to the effect of coffee waste on enzyme activity, including that of β-Glucosidases (β-Glu), protease (PR), urease (URE), phosphomonoesterases acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP). Moreover, the changes in the heavy metal content after the AcD of CW and SS were investigated. Comparing the enzymatic activity of the feedstock and digestate, we observed that the URE, ACP and ALP activities were 4.5 to 11 times higher for the feedstock than the enzyme activities in the digestate. Moreover, when using CW cavitated for 30 min, the highest enzymatic activity in both the feedstock and digestate occurred. The results indicated that the relationship between the β-Glu activity and biogas yield showed the strongest positive correlation (r = 0.98 at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). At the same time, a positive correlation between the PAC, PAL, URE and PR activity and methane yield and methane content at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05 was observed. The obtained results allow us to conclude that, in the future, such a digestate could be used as a bio-fertilizer to improve degraded soil to activate microbial populations.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/187spent coffee groundsanaerobic co-digestionALP and ACPPRUREhydrodynamic cavitation |
| spellingShingle | Elżbieta Wołejko Urszula Wydro Aleksandra Szaja Agnieszka Montusiewicz Magdalena Lebiocka Enzymatic Activity in the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cavitated Coffee Waste and Sewage Sludge Energies spent coffee grounds anaerobic co-digestion ALP and ACP PR URE hydrodynamic cavitation |
| title | Enzymatic Activity in the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cavitated Coffee Waste and Sewage Sludge |
| title_full | Enzymatic Activity in the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cavitated Coffee Waste and Sewage Sludge |
| title_fullStr | Enzymatic Activity in the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cavitated Coffee Waste and Sewage Sludge |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzymatic Activity in the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cavitated Coffee Waste and Sewage Sludge |
| title_short | Enzymatic Activity in the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cavitated Coffee Waste and Sewage Sludge |
| title_sort | enzymatic activity in the anaerobic co digestion of cavitated coffee waste and sewage sludge |
| topic | spent coffee grounds anaerobic co-digestion ALP and ACP PR URE hydrodynamic cavitation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/187 |
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