Pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of Malus domestica using green solvents (citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents). Chemical, thermal, and rheological characterization
The use of green solvents, citric acid (CA), and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the obtention of pectin from wastes (pulp and peel) of Malus domestica was studied. The NADES used comprised citric acid–glucose–water (N1) or lactic acid–glucose–water (N2). The fractions rich in pectin obta...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2024.1504582/full |
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| author | Carolina Gómez Vargas Carolina Gómez Vargas Nora Marta Andrea Ponce Carlos A. Stortz Eliana Noemi Fissore Eliana Noemi Fissore Pablo Bonelli Pablo Bonelli Carlos Mauricio Otálora González Carlos Mauricio Otálora González Lía Noemí Gerschenson Lía Noemí Gerschenson |
| author_facet | Carolina Gómez Vargas Carolina Gómez Vargas Nora Marta Andrea Ponce Carlos A. Stortz Eliana Noemi Fissore Eliana Noemi Fissore Pablo Bonelli Pablo Bonelli Carlos Mauricio Otálora González Carlos Mauricio Otálora González Lía Noemí Gerschenson Lía Noemí Gerschenson |
| author_sort | Carolina Gómez Vargas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of green solvents, citric acid (CA), and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the obtention of pectin from wastes (pulp and peel) of Malus domestica was studied. The NADES used comprised citric acid–glucose–water (N1) or lactic acid–glucose–water (N2). The fractions rich in pectin obtained after exposure to NADES showed lower yield (≈4 g/100 g CA vs. ≈ 11 g/100 g CA), equal to or lower degree of methoxylation (53–71 mol/100 mol CA vs. 73 mol/100 mol CA), equal to or greater content of uronic acid (50–63 g/100 g CA vs. 51 g/100 g CA) than those isolated with CA, and the ones obtained from peel were the most thermally stable. These pectins showed greater linearity, shorter branch lengths, and lower arabinose content than those obtained with CA. The neutral sugars present in the highest concentration in all the isolated fractions were arabinose, xylose, galactose, and rhamnose. Glucose was also detected, probably due to contamination with starch. Their aqueous solutions showed pseudoplastic behavior. The effect of ultrasound assistance was preliminarily evaluated in the production of pectic fractions using N2, observing higher yields (13–18 g/100 g), in general, a higher concentration of uronic acid and a higher degree of methoxylation when compared with the extraction without US. They also showed greater arabinose content (less degradative treatment), lower glucose content (increased purity), and higher rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) content. It is known that RG-I is linked to pectin bioactivity and rheological behavior. The green solvent techniques assayed allowed obtaining fractions rich in uronic acid with different chemical, thermochemical, and rheological characteristics. In the case of isolation with NADES, the yield was low, but preliminary tests with ultrasound assistance showed that it is possible to overcome this limitation. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-fdc1e2ceebd44f40b71a83953a1bb86a2025-01-06T06:59:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Chemistry2296-26462025-01-011210.3389/fchem.2024.15045821504582Pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of Malus domestica using green solvents (citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents). Chemical, thermal, and rheological characterizationCarolina Gómez Vargas0Carolina Gómez Vargas1Nora Marta Andrea Ponce2Carlos A. Stortz3Eliana Noemi Fissore4Eliana Noemi Fissore5Pablo Bonelli6Pablo Bonelli7Carlos Mauricio Otálora González8Carlos Mauricio Otálora González9Lía Noemí Gerschenson10Lía Noemí Gerschenson11Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química Orgánica-CIHIDECAR, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Química Orgánica-CIHIDECAR, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Tecnología de Alimentos y Procesos Químicos (ITAPROQ), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaThe use of green solvents, citric acid (CA), and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the obtention of pectin from wastes (pulp and peel) of Malus domestica was studied. The NADES used comprised citric acid–glucose–water (N1) or lactic acid–glucose–water (N2). The fractions rich in pectin obtained after exposure to NADES showed lower yield (≈4 g/100 g CA vs. ≈ 11 g/100 g CA), equal to or lower degree of methoxylation (53–71 mol/100 mol CA vs. 73 mol/100 mol CA), equal to or greater content of uronic acid (50–63 g/100 g CA vs. 51 g/100 g CA) than those isolated with CA, and the ones obtained from peel were the most thermally stable. These pectins showed greater linearity, shorter branch lengths, and lower arabinose content than those obtained with CA. The neutral sugars present in the highest concentration in all the isolated fractions were arabinose, xylose, galactose, and rhamnose. Glucose was also detected, probably due to contamination with starch. Their aqueous solutions showed pseudoplastic behavior. The effect of ultrasound assistance was preliminarily evaluated in the production of pectic fractions using N2, observing higher yields (13–18 g/100 g), in general, a higher concentration of uronic acid and a higher degree of methoxylation when compared with the extraction without US. They also showed greater arabinose content (less degradative treatment), lower glucose content (increased purity), and higher rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) content. It is known that RG-I is linked to pectin bioactivity and rheological behavior. The green solvent techniques assayed allowed obtaining fractions rich in uronic acid with different chemical, thermochemical, and rheological characteristics. In the case of isolation with NADES, the yield was low, but preliminary tests with ultrasound assistance showed that it is possible to overcome this limitation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2024.1504582/fullpectin productionapple wastescitric acidNADESultrasoundcharacterization and functionality |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Gómez Vargas Carolina Gómez Vargas Nora Marta Andrea Ponce Carlos A. Stortz Eliana Noemi Fissore Eliana Noemi Fissore Pablo Bonelli Pablo Bonelli Carlos Mauricio Otálora González Carlos Mauricio Otálora González Lía Noemí Gerschenson Lía Noemí Gerschenson Pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of Malus domestica using green solvents (citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents). Chemical, thermal, and rheological characterization Frontiers in Chemistry pectin production apple wastes citric acid NADES ultrasound characterization and functionality |
| title | Pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of Malus domestica using green solvents (citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents). Chemical, thermal, and rheological characterization |
| title_full | Pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of Malus domestica using green solvents (citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents). Chemical, thermal, and rheological characterization |
| title_fullStr | Pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of Malus domestica using green solvents (citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents). Chemical, thermal, and rheological characterization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of Malus domestica using green solvents (citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents). Chemical, thermal, and rheological characterization |
| title_short | Pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of Malus domestica using green solvents (citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents). Chemical, thermal, and rheological characterization |
| title_sort | pectin obtention from agroindustrial wastes of malus domestica using green solvents citric acid and natural deep eutectic solvents chemical thermal and rheological characterization |
| topic | pectin production apple wastes citric acid NADES ultrasound characterization and functionality |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2024.1504582/full |
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