Pomegranate juice treatment reverses carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity and cell death via suppression of oxidative stress in rats
Background Environmental pollution, including exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), poses serious health risks, particularly through oxidative stress, which may lead to neurodegenerative damage. Antioxidants, especially those found in natural products, show potential in mitigating these toxic eff...
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National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny |
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| Online Access: | https://roczniki.pzh.gov.pl/Pomegranate-juice-treatment-reverses-carbon-tetrachloride-CCl4-induced-increased,196986,0,2.html |
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| author | Ömer Faruk Kalkan Ahmet Türk Cihan Çitil Miraç Uçkun Ahmet Özkaya Ertan Yoloğlu Yusuf Özay Şeyda Çağri Bülbül Zafer Şahin Akın Kirbaş |
| author_facet | Ömer Faruk Kalkan Ahmet Türk Cihan Çitil Miraç Uçkun Ahmet Özkaya Ertan Yoloğlu Yusuf Özay Şeyda Çağri Bülbül Zafer Şahin Akın Kirbaş |
| author_sort | Ömer Faruk Kalkan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background
Environmental pollution, including exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), poses serious health risks, particularly through oxidative stress, which may lead to neurodegenerative damage. Antioxidants, especially those found in natural products, show potential in mitigating these toxic effects. Pomegranate juice (PJ), rich in bioactive phytochemicals, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PJ on neurotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats, assessing specific markers of oxidative stress, enzymatic activity, and apoptotic cell death.
Material and Methods
Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, CCl4, PJ, and CCl4+PJ.
The CCl4 group received intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (0.2 ml/100 g) twice weekly for six weeks, while the PJ group received PJ orally (4 ml/kg) daily for 30 days. The CCl4+PJ group received both treatments in sequence. Brain tissues were analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and carboxylesterase (CaE) activity. Apoptotic cell death was assessed using TUNEL staining.
Results
CCl4 exposure resulted in a marked increase in MDA levels and AChE activity in brain tissue (p<0.05), alongside a significant decrease in reduced GSH levels and GST activity (p<0.05). Treatment with PJ significantly lowered MDA levels and AChE activity in the CCl4+PJ group compared to the CCl4 group (p<0.05). However, GSH levels and GST activity showed no significant changes in the CCl4+PJ group. TUNEL staining indicated a reduction in apoptotic cells in the CCl4+PJ group versus the CCl4 group, suggesting reduced cellular damage with PJ treatment (p<0.05).
Conclusions
PJ demonstrates neuroprotective potential against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in rats by reducing oxidative markers and apoptosis. These findings suggest that PJ could serve as a natural protective agent against neurodegenerative risks associated with environmental pollutants like CCl4. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd7eb44abd924bfc846d35a6fbb95884 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0035-7715 2451-2311 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny |
| spelling | doaj-art-fd7eb44abd924bfc846d35a6fbb958842024-12-27T08:41:54ZengNational Institute of Public Health - National Institute of HygieneRoczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny0035-77152451-23112024-12-0175329330210.32394/rpzh/196986196986Pomegranate juice treatment reverses carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity and cell death via suppression of oxidative stress in ratsÖmer Faruk Kalkan0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-1183Ahmet Türk1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-3522Cihan Çitil2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-4035Miraç Uçkun3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-8515Ahmet Özkaya4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-3084Ertan Yoloğlu5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9730-9471Yusuf Özay6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3855-6197Şeyda Çağri Bülbül7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8096-0700Zafer Şahin8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7982-7155Akın Kirbaş9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9159-3240Department of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, TurkeyDepartment of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, TurkeyDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Çankırı Karatekin University, TurkeyDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adiyaman University, TurkeyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Techniques, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Adıyaman University, TurkeyDepartment of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Adiyaman University, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, TurkeyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Adiyaman University, TurkeyDepartment of Physiology, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, TurkeyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Internal Diseases, Atatürk University, TurkeyBackground Environmental pollution, including exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), poses serious health risks, particularly through oxidative stress, which may lead to neurodegenerative damage. Antioxidants, especially those found in natural products, show potential in mitigating these toxic effects. Pomegranate juice (PJ), rich in bioactive phytochemicals, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Objective This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PJ on neurotoxicity induced by CCl4 in rats, assessing specific markers of oxidative stress, enzymatic activity, and apoptotic cell death. Material and Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, CCl4, PJ, and CCl4+PJ. The CCl4 group received intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (0.2 ml/100 g) twice weekly for six weeks, while the PJ group received PJ orally (4 ml/kg) daily for 30 days. The CCl4+PJ group received both treatments in sequence. Brain tissues were analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and carboxylesterase (CaE) activity. Apoptotic cell death was assessed using TUNEL staining. Results CCl4 exposure resulted in a marked increase in MDA levels and AChE activity in brain tissue (p<0.05), alongside a significant decrease in reduced GSH levels and GST activity (p<0.05). Treatment with PJ significantly lowered MDA levels and AChE activity in the CCl4+PJ group compared to the CCl4 group (p<0.05). However, GSH levels and GST activity showed no significant changes in the CCl4+PJ group. TUNEL staining indicated a reduction in apoptotic cells in the CCl4+PJ group versus the CCl4 group, suggesting reduced cellular damage with PJ treatment (p<0.05). Conclusions PJ demonstrates neuroprotective potential against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in rats by reducing oxidative markers and apoptosis. These findings suggest that PJ could serve as a natural protective agent against neurodegenerative risks associated with environmental pollutants like CCl4.https://roczniki.pzh.gov.pl/Pomegranate-juice-treatment-reverses-carbon-tetrachloride-CCl4-induced-increased,196986,0,2.htmlcarbon tetrachlorideneurotoxicitypomegranate juiceacetylcholinesteraseoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Ömer Faruk Kalkan Ahmet Türk Cihan Çitil Miraç Uçkun Ahmet Özkaya Ertan Yoloğlu Yusuf Özay Şeyda Çağri Bülbül Zafer Şahin Akın Kirbaş Pomegranate juice treatment reverses carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity and cell death via suppression of oxidative stress in rats Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny carbon tetrachloride neurotoxicity pomegranate juice acetylcholinesterase oxidative stress |
| title | Pomegranate juice treatment reverses carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity and cell death via suppression of oxidative stress in rats |
| title_full | Pomegranate juice treatment reverses carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity and cell death via suppression of oxidative stress in rats |
| title_fullStr | Pomegranate juice treatment reverses carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity and cell death via suppression of oxidative stress in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pomegranate juice treatment reverses carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity and cell death via suppression of oxidative stress in rats |
| title_short | Pomegranate juice treatment reverses carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity and cell death via suppression of oxidative stress in rats |
| title_sort | pomegranate juice treatment reverses carbon tetrachloride ccl4 induced increased acetylcholinesterase activity and cell death via suppression of oxidative stress in rats |
| topic | carbon tetrachloride neurotoxicity pomegranate juice acetylcholinesterase oxidative stress |
| url | https://roczniki.pzh.gov.pl/Pomegranate-juice-treatment-reverses-carbon-tetrachloride-CCl4-induced-increased,196986,0,2.html |
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