Substantial Global Radial Variations of Basalt Content Near the 660‐km Discontinuity

Abstract Mid‐ocean ridges generate basalt and harzburgite, which are introduced into the mantle through subduction as a mechanical mixture, contributing to both lateral and radial compositional heterogeneity. The possible accumulation of basalt in the mantle transition zone has been examined, but de...

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Main Authors: Shangqin Hao, S. Shawn Wei, Peter M. Shearer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-12-01
Series:AGU Advances
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024AV001409
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author Shangqin Hao
S. Shawn Wei
Peter M. Shearer
author_facet Shangqin Hao
S. Shawn Wei
Peter M. Shearer
author_sort Shangqin Hao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mid‐ocean ridges generate basalt and harzburgite, which are introduced into the mantle through subduction as a mechanical mixture, contributing to both lateral and radial compositional heterogeneity. The possible accumulation of basalt in the mantle transition zone has been examined, but details of the mantle composition below the 660‐km discontinuity (hereafter d660) remain poorly constrained. In this study, we utilize the subtle waveform details of S660S, the underside shear‐wave reflection off the d660, to interpret the seismic velocity, density, and compositional structure near, and particularly below, the d660. We identify a significant difference in S660S waveform shape in subduction zones compared to other regions. The inversion results reveal globally enriched basalt at the d660, with a notably higher content in subduction zones, consistent with the smaller impedance jump and S660S peak amplitude. The basalt fraction decreases significantly to less than 10% near 800‐km depth, forming a global harzburgite‐enriched layer and resulting in a steep seismic velocity gradient just below the d660, in agreement with 1D global reference models. The striking compositional radial variations near the d660 verify geodynamic predictions and challenge the applicability of homogeneous radial compositional models in the mantle. These variations may also affect the viscosity profile and, consequently, the dynamics at the boundary between the upper and lower mantle.
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spelling doaj-art-fd5ea2bcd8174b74b193b95cf85e27b62024-12-24T08:34:28ZengWileyAGU Advances2576-604X2024-12-0156n/an/a10.1029/2024AV001409Substantial Global Radial Variations of Basalt Content Near the 660‐km DiscontinuityShangqin Hao0S. Shawn Wei1Peter M. Shearer2Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Scripps Institution of Oceanography UC San Diego La Jolla CA USADepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing MI USAInstitute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Scripps Institution of Oceanography UC San Diego La Jolla CA USAAbstract Mid‐ocean ridges generate basalt and harzburgite, which are introduced into the mantle through subduction as a mechanical mixture, contributing to both lateral and radial compositional heterogeneity. The possible accumulation of basalt in the mantle transition zone has been examined, but details of the mantle composition below the 660‐km discontinuity (hereafter d660) remain poorly constrained. In this study, we utilize the subtle waveform details of S660S, the underside shear‐wave reflection off the d660, to interpret the seismic velocity, density, and compositional structure near, and particularly below, the d660. We identify a significant difference in S660S waveform shape in subduction zones compared to other regions. The inversion results reveal globally enriched basalt at the d660, with a notably higher content in subduction zones, consistent with the smaller impedance jump and S660S peak amplitude. The basalt fraction decreases significantly to less than 10% near 800‐km depth, forming a global harzburgite‐enriched layer and resulting in a steep seismic velocity gradient just below the d660, in agreement with 1D global reference models. The striking compositional radial variations near the d660 verify geodynamic predictions and challenge the applicability of homogeneous radial compositional models in the mantle. These variations may also affect the viscosity profile and, consequently, the dynamics at the boundary between the upper and lower mantle.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024AV001409
spellingShingle Shangqin Hao
S. Shawn Wei
Peter M. Shearer
Substantial Global Radial Variations of Basalt Content Near the 660‐km Discontinuity
AGU Advances
title Substantial Global Radial Variations of Basalt Content Near the 660‐km Discontinuity
title_full Substantial Global Radial Variations of Basalt Content Near the 660‐km Discontinuity
title_fullStr Substantial Global Radial Variations of Basalt Content Near the 660‐km Discontinuity
title_full_unstemmed Substantial Global Radial Variations of Basalt Content Near the 660‐km Discontinuity
title_short Substantial Global Radial Variations of Basalt Content Near the 660‐km Discontinuity
title_sort substantial global radial variations of basalt content near the 660 km discontinuity
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024AV001409
work_keys_str_mv AT shangqinhao substantialglobalradialvariationsofbasaltcontentnearthe660kmdiscontinuity
AT sshawnwei substantialglobalradialvariationsofbasaltcontentnearthe660kmdiscontinuity
AT petermshearer substantialglobalradialvariationsofbasaltcontentnearthe660kmdiscontinuity