Primordial gravitational waves from spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking

We study the effect of Spontaneous Lorentz Symmetry Breaking (SLSB) on Primordial Gravitational Waves (PGWs) generated during inflation. The SLSB is induced by a time-like Bumblebee vector field which is non-minimally coupled to the Ricci tensor in the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker background....

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Main Authors: Mohsen Khodadi, Gaetano Lambiase, Leonardo Mastrototaro, Tanmay Kumar Poddar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Physics Letters B
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325003582
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author Mohsen Khodadi
Gaetano Lambiase
Leonardo Mastrototaro
Tanmay Kumar Poddar
author_facet Mohsen Khodadi
Gaetano Lambiase
Leonardo Mastrototaro
Tanmay Kumar Poddar
author_sort Mohsen Khodadi
collection DOAJ
description We study the effect of Spontaneous Lorentz Symmetry Breaking (SLSB) on Primordial Gravitational Waves (PGWs) generated during inflation. The SLSB is induced by a time-like Bumblebee vector field which is non-minimally coupled to the Ricci tensor in the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker background. The power spectrum and GW amplitude are computed to investigate how Lorentz violation leaves observable imprints. We calculate the GW strain amplitude over frequencies (10−10Hz,104Hz), for a range of the dimensionless Lorentz-violating parameter, −10−3≤l≤10−4, which essentially comes from a slight sensitivity to the equation of state for dark energy. For positive l values, the amplitude of GW shows a mild suppression compared to the standard cosmological scenario (l=0). This effect could be observable with detectors like SKA, μ-Ares, and BBO. Conversely, negative l values amplify the GW amplitude, enhancing detectability by both SKA, μ-Ares, and BBO, as well as by THEIA and DECIGO. Notably, the GW strain amplitude increases by an order of magnitude as l moves from 0 to −10−3, improving prospects for detection in high-sensitivity detectors like THEIA and DECIGO.
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spelling doaj-art-fd4db92b513049ffb0a9c6e71ae6e5e22025-08-20T03:13:29ZengElsevierPhysics Letters B0370-26932025-08-0186713959710.1016/j.physletb.2025.139597Primordial gravitational waves from spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breakingMohsen Khodadi0Gaetano Lambiase1Leonardo Mastrototaro2Tanmay Kumar Poddar3School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, P.O. Box 19395-5531, IranDipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, I-84084, Salerno, Italy; INFN, Gruppo collegato di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, I-84084, Salerno, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, I-84084, Salerno, ItalyINFN, Gruppo collegato di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Fisciano, I-84084, Salerno, Italy; Corresponding author.We study the effect of Spontaneous Lorentz Symmetry Breaking (SLSB) on Primordial Gravitational Waves (PGWs) generated during inflation. The SLSB is induced by a time-like Bumblebee vector field which is non-minimally coupled to the Ricci tensor in the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker background. The power spectrum and GW amplitude are computed to investigate how Lorentz violation leaves observable imprints. We calculate the GW strain amplitude over frequencies (10−10Hz,104Hz), for a range of the dimensionless Lorentz-violating parameter, −10−3≤l≤10−4, which essentially comes from a slight sensitivity to the equation of state for dark energy. For positive l values, the amplitude of GW shows a mild suppression compared to the standard cosmological scenario (l=0). This effect could be observable with detectors like SKA, μ-Ares, and BBO. Conversely, negative l values amplify the GW amplitude, enhancing detectability by both SKA, μ-Ares, and BBO, as well as by THEIA and DECIGO. Notably, the GW strain amplitude increases by an order of magnitude as l moves from 0 to −10−3, improving prospects for detection in high-sensitivity detectors like THEIA and DECIGO.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325003582Primordial gravitational wavesInflationLorentz symmetry violationBumblebee gravity
spellingShingle Mohsen Khodadi
Gaetano Lambiase
Leonardo Mastrototaro
Tanmay Kumar Poddar
Primordial gravitational waves from spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking
Physics Letters B
Primordial gravitational waves
Inflation
Lorentz symmetry violation
Bumblebee gravity
title Primordial gravitational waves from spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking
title_full Primordial gravitational waves from spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking
title_fullStr Primordial gravitational waves from spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking
title_full_unstemmed Primordial gravitational waves from spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking
title_short Primordial gravitational waves from spontaneous Lorentz symmetry breaking
title_sort primordial gravitational waves from spontaneous lorentz symmetry breaking
topic Primordial gravitational waves
Inflation
Lorentz symmetry violation
Bumblebee gravity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269325003582
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AT gaetanolambiase primordialgravitationalwavesfromspontaneouslorentzsymmetrybreaking
AT leonardomastrototaro primordialgravitationalwavesfromspontaneouslorentzsymmetrybreaking
AT tanmaykumarpoddar primordialgravitationalwavesfromspontaneouslorentzsymmetrybreaking