Analyzing boron oxide networks through Shannon entropy and Pearson correlation coefficient

Abstract In the current age of chemical science, chemical graph theory has significantly advanced our understanding of the characteristics of chemical compounds. To simulate the mathematical, chemical, and physical aspects of networks, a topological index, a numerical measure obtained from the graph...

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Main Authors: Rongbing Huang, Muhammad Farhan Hanif, Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui, Muhammad Faisal Hanif, Fikre Bogale Petros
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77838-0
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author Rongbing Huang
Muhammad Farhan Hanif
Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui
Muhammad Faisal Hanif
Fikre Bogale Petros
author_facet Rongbing Huang
Muhammad Farhan Hanif
Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui
Muhammad Faisal Hanif
Fikre Bogale Petros
author_sort Rongbing Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In the current age of chemical science, chemical graph theory has significantly advanced our understanding of the characteristics of chemical compounds. To simulate the mathematical, chemical, and physical aspects of networks, a topological index, a numerical measure obtained from the graph of a chemical network, employed. Recent work has explored the topological properties of boron oxide using chemical graph theory. In this work, we conduct a Pearson correlation analysis of boron oxide to assess the correlations between the Van and S indices and entropy metrics. We analyze the Pearson correlation coefficients between the entropy values and the calculated indices using a heatmap. In this article, a significant positive correlation between the Van, and S indices, and entropy values, which is represented by the heatmap of the strong linear correlations. To avoid duplication, a dimensionality reduction technique should be used for highly connected variables. Additionally, this study gives a detailed explanation of the link between the indices and entropy, which will form the basis of further statistical investigations.
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spelling doaj-art-fcdb6676e86b459fb20e82e6e95861f62024-11-10T12:22:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111610.1038/s41598-024-77838-0Analyzing boron oxide networks through Shannon entropy and Pearson correlation coefficientRongbing Huang0Muhammad Farhan Hanif1Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui2Muhammad Faisal Hanif3Fikre Bogale Petros4School of Computer Science, Chengdu UniversityDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of LahoreDepartment of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore CampusDepartment of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore CampusDepartment of Mathematics, Addis Ababa UniversityAbstract In the current age of chemical science, chemical graph theory has significantly advanced our understanding of the characteristics of chemical compounds. To simulate the mathematical, chemical, and physical aspects of networks, a topological index, a numerical measure obtained from the graph of a chemical network, employed. Recent work has explored the topological properties of boron oxide using chemical graph theory. In this work, we conduct a Pearson correlation analysis of boron oxide to assess the correlations between the Van and S indices and entropy metrics. We analyze the Pearson correlation coefficients between the entropy values and the calculated indices using a heatmap. In this article, a significant positive correlation between the Van, and S indices, and entropy values, which is represented by the heatmap of the strong linear correlations. To avoid duplication, a dimensionality reduction technique should be used for highly connected variables. Additionally, this study gives a detailed explanation of the link between the indices and entropy, which will form the basis of further statistical investigations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77838-0Boron oxideTopological indicesGraph theoryShannon entropyPearson correlation coefficient
spellingShingle Rongbing Huang
Muhammad Farhan Hanif
Muhammad Kamran Siddiqui
Muhammad Faisal Hanif
Fikre Bogale Petros
Analyzing boron oxide networks through Shannon entropy and Pearson correlation coefficient
Scientific Reports
Boron oxide
Topological indices
Graph theory
Shannon entropy
Pearson correlation coefficient
title Analyzing boron oxide networks through Shannon entropy and Pearson correlation coefficient
title_full Analyzing boron oxide networks through Shannon entropy and Pearson correlation coefficient
title_fullStr Analyzing boron oxide networks through Shannon entropy and Pearson correlation coefficient
title_full_unstemmed Analyzing boron oxide networks through Shannon entropy and Pearson correlation coefficient
title_short Analyzing boron oxide networks through Shannon entropy and Pearson correlation coefficient
title_sort analyzing boron oxide networks through shannon entropy and pearson correlation coefficient
topic Boron oxide
Topological indices
Graph theory
Shannon entropy
Pearson correlation coefficient
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-77838-0
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AT muhammadkamransiddiqui analyzingboronoxidenetworksthroughshannonentropyandpearsoncorrelationcoefficient
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