Impact of cis-zeatin and lovastatin on antioxidant systems and growth parameters in Zea mays seedlings under phytohormonal crosstalks

Phytohormones are essential regulators that control both plant growth and defense mechanisms, with cytokinins (CKs) playing a crucial role in regulating antioxidants. However, conflicting research results regarding their effect on antioxidants require further investigation. This study addresses the...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Junaid Yousaf, Anwar Hussain, Muhammad Hamayun, Mohamed A. El-Sheikh, Hosam O. Elansary, Ho-Youn Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Plant Interactions
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17429145.2024.2327378
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author Muhammad Junaid Yousaf
Anwar Hussain
Muhammad Hamayun
Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
Hosam O. Elansary
Ho-Youn Kim
author_facet Muhammad Junaid Yousaf
Anwar Hussain
Muhammad Hamayun
Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
Hosam O. Elansary
Ho-Youn Kim
author_sort Muhammad Junaid Yousaf
collection DOAJ
description Phytohormones are essential regulators that control both plant growth and defense mechanisms, with cytokinins (CKs) playing a crucial role in regulating antioxidants. However, conflicting research results regarding their effect on antioxidants require further investigation. This study addresses the effects of cis-zeatin (cZ), a type of CK, and its inhibitor lovastatin (LT) on the antioxidant system of 29-day-old Zea mays plants. Seedlings were treated by aerial spraying with 5 M cZ, LT, or their combination (cZ-LT) five days after planting. The results showed that cZ significantly increased growth performance, antioxidant activity and photosynthesis efficiency. cZ treatment increased the accumulation of osmolytes (including total phenolics, total flavonoids, proline, and total soluble proteins), resulting in larger leaves, longer shoots, and increased biomass while reducing root length and biomass, respectively. In contrast, LT treatments resulted in reductions in leaf size, shoot length, and biomass, as well as impairment in photosynthesis rates. LT-treated seedlings showed reduced osmolyte accumulation but increased antioxidant enzymatic activity, which contributed to an increase in electrolyte leakage. Examination of phytohormonal crosstalk showed that cZ treatment increased endogenous GA4 and cZ levels while decreasing IAA levels, while LT had opposite effects. These results provide insights into the complex interplay of phytohormones in modulating both plant growth and antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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spelling doaj-art-fcc94ca0cd264a59bc4c06ea9e4a484f2024-12-27T12:59:05ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Plant Interactions1742-91451742-91532024-12-0119110.1080/17429145.2024.2327378Impact of cis-zeatin and lovastatin on antioxidant systems and growth parameters in Zea mays seedlings under phytohormonal crosstalksMuhammad Junaid Yousaf0Anwar Hussain1Muhammad Hamayun2Mohamed A. El-Sheikh3Hosam O. Elansary4Ho-Youn Kim5Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, PakistanBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPlant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKorean Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, South KoreaPhytohormones are essential regulators that control both plant growth and defense mechanisms, with cytokinins (CKs) playing a crucial role in regulating antioxidants. However, conflicting research results regarding their effect on antioxidants require further investigation. This study addresses the effects of cis-zeatin (cZ), a type of CK, and its inhibitor lovastatin (LT) on the antioxidant system of 29-day-old Zea mays plants. Seedlings were treated by aerial spraying with 5 M cZ, LT, or their combination (cZ-LT) five days after planting. The results showed that cZ significantly increased growth performance, antioxidant activity and photosynthesis efficiency. cZ treatment increased the accumulation of osmolytes (including total phenolics, total flavonoids, proline, and total soluble proteins), resulting in larger leaves, longer shoots, and increased biomass while reducing root length and biomass, respectively. In contrast, LT treatments resulted in reductions in leaf size, shoot length, and biomass, as well as impairment in photosynthesis rates. LT-treated seedlings showed reduced osmolyte accumulation but increased antioxidant enzymatic activity, which contributed to an increase in electrolyte leakage. Examination of phytohormonal crosstalk showed that cZ treatment increased endogenous GA4 and cZ levels while decreasing IAA levels, while LT had opposite effects. These results provide insights into the complex interplay of phytohormones in modulating both plant growth and antioxidant defense mechanisms.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17429145.2024.2327378Antioxidant activityhormonal crosstalksgrowth kineticsosmolytesphotosynthesis
spellingShingle Muhammad Junaid Yousaf
Anwar Hussain
Muhammad Hamayun
Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
Hosam O. Elansary
Ho-Youn Kim
Impact of cis-zeatin and lovastatin on antioxidant systems and growth parameters in Zea mays seedlings under phytohormonal crosstalks
Journal of Plant Interactions
Antioxidant activity
hormonal crosstalks
growth kinetics
osmolytes
photosynthesis
title Impact of cis-zeatin and lovastatin on antioxidant systems and growth parameters in Zea mays seedlings under phytohormonal crosstalks
title_full Impact of cis-zeatin and lovastatin on antioxidant systems and growth parameters in Zea mays seedlings under phytohormonal crosstalks
title_fullStr Impact of cis-zeatin and lovastatin on antioxidant systems and growth parameters in Zea mays seedlings under phytohormonal crosstalks
title_full_unstemmed Impact of cis-zeatin and lovastatin on antioxidant systems and growth parameters in Zea mays seedlings under phytohormonal crosstalks
title_short Impact of cis-zeatin and lovastatin on antioxidant systems and growth parameters in Zea mays seedlings under phytohormonal crosstalks
title_sort impact of cis zeatin and lovastatin on antioxidant systems and growth parameters in zea mays seedlings under phytohormonal crosstalks
topic Antioxidant activity
hormonal crosstalks
growth kinetics
osmolytes
photosynthesis
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17429145.2024.2327378
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