Hepatic Gene Expression Changes of Zebrafish Fed Yeast Prebiotic, Yeast Probiotic, Black Soldier Fly Meal, and Butyrate
As global fish consumption rises, improving fish health through immunomodulatory feed ingredients shows promise while also supporting growth performance. This study investigated the effects of yeast prebiotics, probiotics, a postbiotic (butyrate), and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal on fish imm...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/495 |
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| Summary: | As global fish consumption rises, improving fish health through immunomodulatory feed ingredients shows promise while also supporting growth performance. This study investigated the effects of yeast prebiotics, probiotics, a postbiotic (butyrate), and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal on fish immune responses. Zebrafish were fed diets containing these ingredients for 63 days and then exposed to either <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or live <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> to assess hepatic candidate gene expression and weight gain. No mortalities were observed post-immune challenges, and weight gains were not significantly different across treatments. Liver samples were collected for mRNA analysis, and real-time qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of immune-related genes such as <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>hepcidin</i>, and <i>NF-κB/p65</i>. <i>NF-κB/p65</i> was upregulated in response to immune challenges, indicating a reaction to both LPS and pathogen exposure. Fish on the BSFL diet showed decreased <i>NF-κB/p65</i> expression after the pathogen challenge, while probiotic-fed fish had reduced <i>angiopoietin-like 4 (angptl4)</i> levels following LPS exposure. Butyrate supplementation had the most significant impact, downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune-related genes, suggesting a protective effect. These findings support the health benefits of BSFL and sodium butyrate during an immune challenge. |
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| ISSN: | 2410-3888 |