Solar Wind With Field Lines and Energetic Particles (SOFIE) Model: Application to Historical Solar Energetic Particle Events
Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of the data‐driven solar energetic particle (SEP) model, SOlar‐wind with FIeld‐lines and Energetic‐particles (SOFIE), to simulate the acceleration and transport processes of SEPs and make forecast of the energetic proton flux at energies ≥10 M...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-09-01
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| Series: | Space Weather |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003729 |
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| author | Lulu Zhao Igor Sokolov Tamas Gombosi David Lario Kathryn Whitman Zhenguang Huang Gabor Toth Ward Manchester Bart van derHolst Nishtha Sachdeva Weihao Liu |
| author_facet | Lulu Zhao Igor Sokolov Tamas Gombosi David Lario Kathryn Whitman Zhenguang Huang Gabor Toth Ward Manchester Bart van derHolst Nishtha Sachdeva Weihao Liu |
| author_sort | Lulu Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of the data‐driven solar energetic particle (SEP) model, SOlar‐wind with FIeld‐lines and Energetic‐particles (SOFIE), to simulate the acceleration and transport processes of SEPs and make forecast of the energetic proton flux at energies ≥10 MeV that will be observed near 1 AU. The SOFIE model is built upon the Space Weather Modeling Framework developed at the University of Michigan. In SOFIE, the background solar wind plasma in the solar corona and interplanetary space is calculated by the Stream‐Aligned Aflvén Wave Solar‐atmosphere Model(‐Realtime) driven by the near‐real‐time hourly updated Global Oscillation Network Group solar magnetograms. In the background solar wind, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are launched by placing an force‐imbalanced magnetic flux rope on top of the parent active region, using the Eruptive Event Generator using Gibson‐Low model. The acceleration and transport processes are modeled by the Multiple‐Field‐Line Advection Model for Particle Acceleration. In this work, nine SEP events (Solar Heliospheric and INterplanetary Environment challenge/campaign events) are modeled. The three modules in SOFIE are validated and evaluated by comparing with observations, including the steady‐state background solar wind properties, the white‐light image of the CMEs, and the flux of solar energetic protons, at energies of ≥10 MeV. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fc244d90c27f490881c5f7312feb61ba |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1542-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Space Weather |
| spelling | doaj-art-fc244d90c27f490881c5f7312feb61ba2025-01-14T16:35:30ZengWileySpace Weather1542-73902024-09-01229n/an/a10.1029/2023SW003729Solar Wind With Field Lines and Energetic Particles (SOFIE) Model: Application to Historical Solar Energetic Particle EventsLulu Zhao0Igor Sokolov1Tamas Gombosi2David Lario3Kathryn Whitman4Zhenguang Huang5Gabor Toth6Ward Manchester7Bart van derHolst8Nishtha Sachdeva9Weihao Liu10Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USADepartment of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USADepartment of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USAUniversity of Houston Houston TX USADepartment of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USADepartment of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USADepartment of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USADepartment of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USADepartment of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USADepartment of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USAAbstract In this paper, we demonstrate the applicability of the data‐driven solar energetic particle (SEP) model, SOlar‐wind with FIeld‐lines and Energetic‐particles (SOFIE), to simulate the acceleration and transport processes of SEPs and make forecast of the energetic proton flux at energies ≥10 MeV that will be observed near 1 AU. The SOFIE model is built upon the Space Weather Modeling Framework developed at the University of Michigan. In SOFIE, the background solar wind plasma in the solar corona and interplanetary space is calculated by the Stream‐Aligned Aflvén Wave Solar‐atmosphere Model(‐Realtime) driven by the near‐real‐time hourly updated Global Oscillation Network Group solar magnetograms. In the background solar wind, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are launched by placing an force‐imbalanced magnetic flux rope on top of the parent active region, using the Eruptive Event Generator using Gibson‐Low model. The acceleration and transport processes are modeled by the Multiple‐Field‐Line Advection Model for Particle Acceleration. In this work, nine SEP events (Solar Heliospheric and INterplanetary Environment challenge/campaign events) are modeled. The three modules in SOFIE are validated and evaluated by comparing with observations, including the steady‐state background solar wind properties, the white‐light image of the CMEs, and the flux of solar energetic protons, at energies of ≥10 MeV.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003729solar energetic particlesspace radiationspace weather forecast |
| spellingShingle | Lulu Zhao Igor Sokolov Tamas Gombosi David Lario Kathryn Whitman Zhenguang Huang Gabor Toth Ward Manchester Bart van derHolst Nishtha Sachdeva Weihao Liu Solar Wind With Field Lines and Energetic Particles (SOFIE) Model: Application to Historical Solar Energetic Particle Events Space Weather solar energetic particles space radiation space weather forecast |
| title | Solar Wind With Field Lines and Energetic Particles (SOFIE) Model: Application to Historical Solar Energetic Particle Events |
| title_full | Solar Wind With Field Lines and Energetic Particles (SOFIE) Model: Application to Historical Solar Energetic Particle Events |
| title_fullStr | Solar Wind With Field Lines and Energetic Particles (SOFIE) Model: Application to Historical Solar Energetic Particle Events |
| title_full_unstemmed | Solar Wind With Field Lines and Energetic Particles (SOFIE) Model: Application to Historical Solar Energetic Particle Events |
| title_short | Solar Wind With Field Lines and Energetic Particles (SOFIE) Model: Application to Historical Solar Energetic Particle Events |
| title_sort | solar wind with field lines and energetic particles sofie model application to historical solar energetic particle events |
| topic | solar energetic particles space radiation space weather forecast |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023SW003729 |
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