Integration of Copper Toxicity Mechanisms in <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>: Advancing Insights at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations
This work aimed to characterize the impact of copper (Cu), at environmentally relevant concentrations, using the freshwater microalga <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>. Algae were incubated with 33 or 53 µg/L Cu, in OECD medium, and toxic impacts were evaluated over 72 h, using different c...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/12/905 |
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| author | Manuela D. Machado Eduardo V. Soares |
| author_facet | Manuela D. Machado Eduardo V. Soares |
| author_sort | Manuela D. Machado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work aimed to characterize the impact of copper (Cu), at environmentally relevant concentrations, using the freshwater microalga <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>. Algae were incubated with 33 or 53 µg/L Cu, in OECD medium, and toxic impacts were evaluated over 72 h, using different cellular and biochemical biomarkers. The exposure to 33 µg/L Cu had an algistatic effect: slowing growth and reducing algal population (53%, at 72 h) without compromising the cell membrane. This Cu concentration promoted a transient reduction in chlorophyll <i>a</i> (chl<i>a</i>) content and typical markers of oxidative stress: increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), augmented catalase (CAT) activity, and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA). Algae exposed to 53 µg/L Cu, suffered a severe effect with a 93% reduction in the number of cells, 50% decrease in chl<i>a</i> content, and diminished (17%) maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (<i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub>). This population also presented increased levels of ROS and MDA, 33 and 20 times higher than the control, respectively, at 72 h, augmented CAT activity, and permeabilized cell membrane (5%, at 72 h). These findings provide valuable insights into Cu toxicity in aquatic ecosystems, highlighting the biochemical and physiological impacts at environmentally relevant concentrations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fbb78e5ea65a4caf94e90dc8b8edea78 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-fbb78e5ea65a4caf94e90dc8b8edea782024-12-27T14:56:45ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-12-01121290510.3390/toxics12120905Integration of Copper Toxicity Mechanisms in <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>: Advancing Insights at Environmentally Relevant ConcentrationsManuela D. Machado0Eduardo V. Soares1Bioengineering Laboratory, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, PortugalBioengineering Laboratory, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, PortugalThis work aimed to characterize the impact of copper (Cu), at environmentally relevant concentrations, using the freshwater microalga <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>. Algae were incubated with 33 or 53 µg/L Cu, in OECD medium, and toxic impacts were evaluated over 72 h, using different cellular and biochemical biomarkers. The exposure to 33 µg/L Cu had an algistatic effect: slowing growth and reducing algal population (53%, at 72 h) without compromising the cell membrane. This Cu concentration promoted a transient reduction in chlorophyll <i>a</i> (chl<i>a</i>) content and typical markers of oxidative stress: increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), augmented catalase (CAT) activity, and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA). Algae exposed to 53 µg/L Cu, suffered a severe effect with a 93% reduction in the number of cells, 50% decrease in chl<i>a</i> content, and diminished (17%) maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (<i>F</i><sub>v</sub>/<i>F</i><sub>m</sub>). This population also presented increased levels of ROS and MDA, 33 and 20 times higher than the control, respectively, at 72 h, augmented CAT activity, and permeabilized cell membrane (5%, at 72 h). These findings provide valuable insights into Cu toxicity in aquatic ecosystems, highlighting the biochemical and physiological impacts at environmentally relevant concentrations.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/12/905antioxidative defensescell membrane integritylipid peroxidationoxidative stressphotosynthetic activity<i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> (=<i>Selenastrum capricornutum</i>) |
| spellingShingle | Manuela D. Machado Eduardo V. Soares Integration of Copper Toxicity Mechanisms in <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>: Advancing Insights at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations Toxics antioxidative defenses cell membrane integrity lipid peroxidation oxidative stress photosynthetic activity <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> (=<i>Selenastrum capricornutum</i>) |
| title | Integration of Copper Toxicity Mechanisms in <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>: Advancing Insights at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations |
| title_full | Integration of Copper Toxicity Mechanisms in <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>: Advancing Insights at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations |
| title_fullStr | Integration of Copper Toxicity Mechanisms in <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>: Advancing Insights at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integration of Copper Toxicity Mechanisms in <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>: Advancing Insights at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations |
| title_short | Integration of Copper Toxicity Mechanisms in <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i>: Advancing Insights at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations |
| title_sort | integration of copper toxicity mechanisms in i raphidocelis subcapitata i advancing insights at environmentally relevant concentrations |
| topic | antioxidative defenses cell membrane integrity lipid peroxidation oxidative stress photosynthetic activity <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> (=<i>Selenastrum capricornutum</i>) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/12/905 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manueladmachado integrationofcoppertoxicitymechanismsiniraphidocelissubcapitataiadvancinginsightsatenvironmentallyrelevantconcentrations AT eduardovsoares integrationofcoppertoxicitymechanismsiniraphidocelissubcapitataiadvancinginsightsatenvironmentallyrelevantconcentrations |