Evolution characteristics and invulnerability simulation analysis of global zirconium ore trade network
The burgeoning demand for zirconium, driven by the rapid development of smart devices, low-carbon energy technologies, and other emerging industries, underscores the importance of understanding the dynamics of its global trade network. However, the evolutionary patterns of the international zircon o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2024.1496579/full |
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| author | Fanjie Luo Wei Liu Mao Xu Qunyi Liu Junbo Wang |
| author_facet | Fanjie Luo Wei Liu Mao Xu Qunyi Liu Junbo Wang |
| author_sort | Fanjie Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The burgeoning demand for zirconium, driven by the rapid development of smart devices, low-carbon energy technologies, and other emerging industries, underscores the importance of understanding the dynamics of its global trade network. However, the evolutionary patterns of the international zircon ore trade network and its resilience to disruptions remain unclear. This study constructs the international zircon ore trade network from 2013 to 2022, analyzes its structural evolution at both the network and node levels, and evaluates its robustness in 2022 using five attack strategies: random node removal, random edge removal, edge degradation, targeted removal based on node degree, and targeted removal based on node betweenness centrality. Our findings reveal that: (1) the international zircon ore trade network exhibits a shift in the import market towards Asia, with the export market dominated by Spain, the United States, and Brazil. China plays a crucial role as a bridge connecting various countries, while Japan exerts significant influence within the network; (2) the network is particularly vulnerable to targeted attacks based on node degree and betweenness centrality, highlighting the potential for significant disruption following the removal of key nodes. This study provides valuable insights for ensuring the stable and sustainable supply and consumption of zirconium resources, informing the development of targeted policies for countries and relevant industries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb9083309227468cae4bae2f2c48bb94 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb9083309227468cae4bae2f2c48bb942025-01-14T06:10:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632025-01-011210.3389/feart.2024.14965791496579Evolution characteristics and invulnerability simulation analysis of global zirconium ore trade networkFanjie Luo0Wei Liu1Mao Xu2Qunyi Liu3Junbo Wang4Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, ChinaChina Logistics Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaThe burgeoning demand for zirconium, driven by the rapid development of smart devices, low-carbon energy technologies, and other emerging industries, underscores the importance of understanding the dynamics of its global trade network. However, the evolutionary patterns of the international zircon ore trade network and its resilience to disruptions remain unclear. This study constructs the international zircon ore trade network from 2013 to 2022, analyzes its structural evolution at both the network and node levels, and evaluates its robustness in 2022 using five attack strategies: random node removal, random edge removal, edge degradation, targeted removal based on node degree, and targeted removal based on node betweenness centrality. Our findings reveal that: (1) the international zircon ore trade network exhibits a shift in the import market towards Asia, with the export market dominated by Spain, the United States, and Brazil. China plays a crucial role as a bridge connecting various countries, while Japan exerts significant influence within the network; (2) the network is particularly vulnerable to targeted attacks based on node degree and betweenness centrality, highlighting the potential for significant disruption following the removal of key nodes. This study provides valuable insights for ensuring the stable and sustainable supply and consumption of zirconium resources, informing the development of targeted policies for countries and relevant industries.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2024.1496579/fullzirconiumtrade networkinvulnerabilitysupply chain securitycomplex network |
| spellingShingle | Fanjie Luo Wei Liu Mao Xu Qunyi Liu Junbo Wang Evolution characteristics and invulnerability simulation analysis of global zirconium ore trade network Frontiers in Earth Science zirconium trade network invulnerability supply chain security complex network |
| title | Evolution characteristics and invulnerability simulation analysis of global zirconium ore trade network |
| title_full | Evolution characteristics and invulnerability simulation analysis of global zirconium ore trade network |
| title_fullStr | Evolution characteristics and invulnerability simulation analysis of global zirconium ore trade network |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution characteristics and invulnerability simulation analysis of global zirconium ore trade network |
| title_short | Evolution characteristics and invulnerability simulation analysis of global zirconium ore trade network |
| title_sort | evolution characteristics and invulnerability simulation analysis of global zirconium ore trade network |
| topic | zirconium trade network invulnerability supply chain security complex network |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2024.1496579/full |
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