In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid

Abstract Moringa oleifera (MO), a medicinal herb, has been studied in recent decades for its diverse range of biological activities. Several studies have revealed that MO leaf extract (MOLE) possesses cytoprotective properties, while other studies have reported anti-proliferative potential. This stu...

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Main Authors: Raneem F. Obeid, Yara Y. Mouselhy, Mona Eltaher, Radwa T. El-sharkawy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14513-y
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author Raneem F. Obeid
Yara Y. Mouselhy
Mona Eltaher
Radwa T. El-sharkawy
author_facet Raneem F. Obeid
Yara Y. Mouselhy
Mona Eltaher
Radwa T. El-sharkawy
author_sort Raneem F. Obeid
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Moringa oleifera (MO), a medicinal herb, has been studied in recent decades for its diverse range of biological activities. Several studies have revealed that MO leaf extract (MOLE) possesses cytoprotective properties, while other studies have reported anti-proliferative potential. This study was conducted to assess the potential effect of MOLE on electronic cigarette liquid (EC e-liquid) treated human lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38). An MTT assay was performed to investigate the potential effect of EC e-liquid and MOLE on cell viability and determine the cytotoxic concentration (CC50) in WI-38 cells. Cells were treated with 190.2 µg/mL of EC e-liquid (EC group) and 33.2 µg/mL of EC e-liquid and MOLE (EC + MOLE group) for 24 h. Analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle was performed using flow cytometric assay. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl2 was measured using ELISA.Our findings revealed that MOLE demonstrated a cytotoxic effect on EC e-liquid treated WI-38 cells through induction of apoptosis via up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl2. Additionally, MOLE induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Overall, these findings indicate that MOLE is an inefficient cytoprotective agent against EC e-liquid cytotoxicity; nonetheless, it exerts a cytotoxic effect, suggesting a promising role as a valuable anti-proliferative agent.
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spelling doaj-art-fb57651f94e04a94ae85f0085ffd598c2025-08-20T03:44:05ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-14513-yIn vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquidRaneem F. Obeid0Yara Y. Mouselhy1Mona Eltaher2Radwa T. El-sharkawy3Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in EgyptFaculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in EgyptFaculty of Business, Ain Shams UniversityFaculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in EgyptAbstract Moringa oleifera (MO), a medicinal herb, has been studied in recent decades for its diverse range of biological activities. Several studies have revealed that MO leaf extract (MOLE) possesses cytoprotective properties, while other studies have reported anti-proliferative potential. This study was conducted to assess the potential effect of MOLE on electronic cigarette liquid (EC e-liquid) treated human lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38). An MTT assay was performed to investigate the potential effect of EC e-liquid and MOLE on cell viability and determine the cytotoxic concentration (CC50) in WI-38 cells. Cells were treated with 190.2 µg/mL of EC e-liquid (EC group) and 33.2 µg/mL of EC e-liquid and MOLE (EC + MOLE group) for 24 h. Analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle was performed using flow cytometric assay. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl2 was measured using ELISA.Our findings revealed that MOLE demonstrated a cytotoxic effect on EC e-liquid treated WI-38 cells through induction of apoptosis via up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl2. Additionally, MOLE induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Overall, these findings indicate that MOLE is an inefficient cytoprotective agent against EC e-liquid cytotoxicity; nonetheless, it exerts a cytotoxic effect, suggesting a promising role as a valuable anti-proliferative agent.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14513-yMoringa Oleifera leavesElectronic cigarettes e-liquidWI-38 cellsApoptosisCell cycle
spellingShingle Raneem F. Obeid
Yara Y. Mouselhy
Mona Eltaher
Radwa T. El-sharkawy
In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid
Scientific Reports
Moringa Oleifera leaves
Electronic cigarettes e-liquid
WI-38 cells
Apoptosis
Cell cycle
title In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid
title_full In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid
title_fullStr In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid
title_full_unstemmed In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid
title_short In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid
title_sort in vitro assessment of moringa oleifera leaf extract s protective impact on fibroblast cell line wi 38 exposed to electronic cigarette liquid
topic Moringa Oleifera leaves
Electronic cigarettes e-liquid
WI-38 cells
Apoptosis
Cell cycle
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14513-y
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