In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid
Abstract Moringa oleifera (MO), a medicinal herb, has been studied in recent decades for its diverse range of biological activities. Several studies have revealed that MO leaf extract (MOLE) possesses cytoprotective properties, while other studies have reported anti-proliferative potential. This stu...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14513-y |
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| author | Raneem F. Obeid Yara Y. Mouselhy Mona Eltaher Radwa T. El-sharkawy |
| author_facet | Raneem F. Obeid Yara Y. Mouselhy Mona Eltaher Radwa T. El-sharkawy |
| author_sort | Raneem F. Obeid |
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| description | Abstract Moringa oleifera (MO), a medicinal herb, has been studied in recent decades for its diverse range of biological activities. Several studies have revealed that MO leaf extract (MOLE) possesses cytoprotective properties, while other studies have reported anti-proliferative potential. This study was conducted to assess the potential effect of MOLE on electronic cigarette liquid (EC e-liquid) treated human lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38). An MTT assay was performed to investigate the potential effect of EC e-liquid and MOLE on cell viability and determine the cytotoxic concentration (CC50) in WI-38 cells. Cells were treated with 190.2 µg/mL of EC e-liquid (EC group) and 33.2 µg/mL of EC e-liquid and MOLE (EC + MOLE group) for 24 h. Analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle was performed using flow cytometric assay. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl2 was measured using ELISA.Our findings revealed that MOLE demonstrated a cytotoxic effect on EC e-liquid treated WI-38 cells through induction of apoptosis via up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl2. Additionally, MOLE induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Overall, these findings indicate that MOLE is an inefficient cytoprotective agent against EC e-liquid cytotoxicity; nonetheless, it exerts a cytotoxic effect, suggesting a promising role as a valuable anti-proliferative agent. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb57651f94e04a94ae85f0085ffd598c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-fb57651f94e04a94ae85f0085ffd598c2025-08-20T03:44:05ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-14513-yIn vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquidRaneem F. Obeid0Yara Y. Mouselhy1Mona Eltaher2Radwa T. El-sharkawy3Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in EgyptFaculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in EgyptFaculty of Business, Ain Shams UniversityFaculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in EgyptAbstract Moringa oleifera (MO), a medicinal herb, has been studied in recent decades for its diverse range of biological activities. Several studies have revealed that MO leaf extract (MOLE) possesses cytoprotective properties, while other studies have reported anti-proliferative potential. This study was conducted to assess the potential effect of MOLE on electronic cigarette liquid (EC e-liquid) treated human lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38). An MTT assay was performed to investigate the potential effect of EC e-liquid and MOLE on cell viability and determine the cytotoxic concentration (CC50) in WI-38 cells. Cells were treated with 190.2 µg/mL of EC e-liquid (EC group) and 33.2 µg/mL of EC e-liquid and MOLE (EC + MOLE group) for 24 h. Analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle was performed using flow cytometric assay. Moreover, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl2 was measured using ELISA.Our findings revealed that MOLE demonstrated a cytotoxic effect on EC e-liquid treated WI-38 cells through induction of apoptosis via up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl2. Additionally, MOLE induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase. Overall, these findings indicate that MOLE is an inefficient cytoprotective agent against EC e-liquid cytotoxicity; nonetheless, it exerts a cytotoxic effect, suggesting a promising role as a valuable anti-proliferative agent.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14513-yMoringa Oleifera leavesElectronic cigarettes e-liquidWI-38 cellsApoptosisCell cycle |
| spellingShingle | Raneem F. Obeid Yara Y. Mouselhy Mona Eltaher Radwa T. El-sharkawy In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid Scientific Reports Moringa Oleifera leaves Electronic cigarettes e-liquid WI-38 cells Apoptosis Cell cycle |
| title | In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid |
| title_full | In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid |
| title_fullStr | In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid |
| title_full_unstemmed | In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid |
| title_short | In vitro assessment of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract’s protective impact on fibroblast cell line (WI-38) exposed to electronic cigarette liquid |
| title_sort | in vitro assessment of moringa oleifera leaf extract s protective impact on fibroblast cell line wi 38 exposed to electronic cigarette liquid |
| topic | Moringa Oleifera leaves Electronic cigarettes e-liquid WI-38 cells Apoptosis Cell cycle |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14513-y |
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