A Two-Step Framework for Generating 0.01°, Hourly, and Gapless Land Surface Temperature

By depicting high-frequency surface thermal dynamics, hourly gapless land surface temperature (LST) data at a moderate spatial scale are crucial for various thermal environment investigations. However, cloud cover and the sensor hardware limitations have constrained the access to such LST data. In t...

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Main Authors: Jun Ma, Jingping Guo, Jingan Wu, Huanfeng Shen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10766053/
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author Jun Ma
Jingping Guo
Jingan Wu
Huanfeng Shen
author_facet Jun Ma
Jingping Guo
Jingan Wu
Huanfeng Shen
author_sort Jun Ma
collection DOAJ
description By depicting high-frequency surface thermal dynamics, hourly gapless land surface temperature (LST) data at a moderate spatial scale are crucial for various thermal environment investigations. However, cloud cover and the sensor hardware limitations have constrained the access to such LST data. In this work, a two-step framework is proposed to generate hourly gapless LST, which is made up of two steps: first, a machine learning model is used to reconstruct moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily (four times from Terra and Aqua) LST; and second, the generated daily gapless LST is then fused with hourly community land model (CLM) simulated LST based on the spatial and temporal nonlocal fusion model. A 0.01°, hourly, gapless LST dataset was generated over the middle and upper sections of the Heihe River Basin in China from 2008 to 2011. Validation was conducted using clear-sky MODIS LST and four sets of all-sky ground-based LST measurements. The results reveal that the daily LST reconstruction model performs well, with a Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.97–0.98 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 3.01–3.6 K in cloudy conditions. Validation using hourly in situ measurements also indicated a high accuracy, with the RMSE between 2.56 and 3.76 K under all-sky conditions. The daily mean LST obtained by averaging the hourly gapless LST resulted in an RMSE of 1.6–1.92 K. Spatial and temporal analysis further demonstrated that the proposed method can accurately characterize the spatial details and temporal dynamics of LST at both daily and hourly scales. Compared with other hourly and daily mean LST products, the generated LST data have better validation accuracy. The proposed method offers a practical and robust approach to produce hourly gapless LST at a moderate spatial scale, which is essential in a variety of regional-scale thermal applications.
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spelling doaj-art-fb1e7a1d69174a539fd2b57204a96dc52024-12-12T00:00:10ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing1939-14042151-15352025-01-01181607162510.1109/JSTARS.2024.350357810766053A Two-Step Framework for Generating 0.01°, Hourly, and Gapless Land Surface TemperatureJun Ma0Jingping Guo1Jingan Wu2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-937XHuanfeng Shen3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-1869School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaNingbo Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, Haishu Sub-Bureau, Ningbo, ChinaSchool of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, ChinaSchool of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaBy depicting high-frequency surface thermal dynamics, hourly gapless land surface temperature (LST) data at a moderate spatial scale are crucial for various thermal environment investigations. However, cloud cover and the sensor hardware limitations have constrained the access to such LST data. In this work, a two-step framework is proposed to generate hourly gapless LST, which is made up of two steps: first, a machine learning model is used to reconstruct moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily (four times from Terra and Aqua) LST; and second, the generated daily gapless LST is then fused with hourly community land model (CLM) simulated LST based on the spatial and temporal nonlocal fusion model. A 0.01°, hourly, gapless LST dataset was generated over the middle and upper sections of the Heihe River Basin in China from 2008 to 2011. Validation was conducted using clear-sky MODIS LST and four sets of all-sky ground-based LST measurements. The results reveal that the daily LST reconstruction model performs well, with a Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.97–0.98 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 3.01–3.6 K in cloudy conditions. Validation using hourly in situ measurements also indicated a high accuracy, with the RMSE between 2.56 and 3.76 K under all-sky conditions. The daily mean LST obtained by averaging the hourly gapless LST resulted in an RMSE of 1.6–1.92 K. Spatial and temporal analysis further demonstrated that the proposed method can accurately characterize the spatial details and temporal dynamics of LST at both daily and hourly scales. Compared with other hourly and daily mean LST products, the generated LST data have better validation accuracy. The proposed method offers a practical and robust approach to produce hourly gapless LST at a moderate spatial scale, which is essential in a variety of regional-scale thermal applications.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10766053/Data fusiongaplesshourlyland surface model (LSM)land surface temperature (LST)machine learning (ML)
spellingShingle Jun Ma
Jingping Guo
Jingan Wu
Huanfeng Shen
A Two-Step Framework for Generating 0.01°, Hourly, and Gapless Land Surface Temperature
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
Data fusion
gapless
hourly
land surface model (LSM)
land surface temperature (LST)
machine learning (ML)
title A Two-Step Framework for Generating 0.01°, Hourly, and Gapless Land Surface Temperature
title_full A Two-Step Framework for Generating 0.01°, Hourly, and Gapless Land Surface Temperature
title_fullStr A Two-Step Framework for Generating 0.01°, Hourly, and Gapless Land Surface Temperature
title_full_unstemmed A Two-Step Framework for Generating 0.01°, Hourly, and Gapless Land Surface Temperature
title_short A Two-Step Framework for Generating 0.01°, Hourly, and Gapless Land Surface Temperature
title_sort two step framework for generating 0 01 x00b0 hourly and gapless land surface temperature
topic Data fusion
gapless
hourly
land surface model (LSM)
land surface temperature (LST)
machine learning (ML)
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10766053/
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