Designing a new optimal controller for a PEMFC by an improved design of the Coot Optimizer
Abstract This research introduces a novel optimal control strategy for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) utilizing a DC/DC converter, aimed at enhancing performance and longevity. The core of this strategy is an Improved Coot Optimizer algorithm (ICOA), designed to optimize a PID controll...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01637-4 |
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| author | Zheng Wang Mehrdad Rezaie Gholamreza Fathi |
| author_facet | Zheng Wang Mehrdad Rezaie Gholamreza Fathi |
| author_sort | Zheng Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This research introduces a novel optimal control strategy for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) utilizing a DC/DC converter, aimed at enhancing performance and longevity. The core of this strategy is an Improved Coot Optimizer algorithm (ICOA), designed to optimize a PID controller for precise voltage regulation of the PEMFC stack. The ICOA incorporates self-adaptive and chaotic mechanisms to improve solution quality and prevent premature convergence. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ICOA-optimized PID controller significantly reduces voltage ripples and overshoot, key factors in improving PEMFC lifetime. Specifically, compared to non-optimized performance with a 2.47% overshoot and 4.7 s settling time, the ICOA-optimized system exhibits superior dynamic response and stability. Comparative analyses against three other control techniques confirm a wide system enhancement, evidenced by a substantial reduction in both current and overshoot ripples. Algorithm verification using benchmark functions shows the ICOA achieves lower mean values and standard deviations, with p-values indicating statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) compared to COA, MVO, EPO, and LOA algorithms, validating its enhanced optimization capabilities for PEMFC control. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb04cf7e3cc64de3ad2f7d2e81d2b79f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb04cf7e3cc64de3ad2f7d2e81d2b79f2025-08-20T03:10:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115112310.1038/s41598-025-01637-4Designing a new optimal controller for a PEMFC by an improved design of the Coot OptimizerZheng Wang0Mehrdad Rezaie1Gholamreza Fathi2Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational CollegeDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Malayer UniversityDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Power & Water University of Technology (PWUT)Abstract This research introduces a novel optimal control strategy for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) utilizing a DC/DC converter, aimed at enhancing performance and longevity. The core of this strategy is an Improved Coot Optimizer algorithm (ICOA), designed to optimize a PID controller for precise voltage regulation of the PEMFC stack. The ICOA incorporates self-adaptive and chaotic mechanisms to improve solution quality and prevent premature convergence. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ICOA-optimized PID controller significantly reduces voltage ripples and overshoot, key factors in improving PEMFC lifetime. Specifically, compared to non-optimized performance with a 2.47% overshoot and 4.7 s settling time, the ICOA-optimized system exhibits superior dynamic response and stability. Comparative analyses against three other control techniques confirm a wide system enhancement, evidenced by a substantial reduction in both current and overshoot ripples. Algorithm verification using benchmark functions shows the ICOA achieves lower mean values and standard deviations, with p-values indicating statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) compared to COA, MVO, EPO, and LOA algorithms, validating its enhanced optimization capabilities for PEMFC control.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01637-4PEMFCState space modelPIDOptimal controlImproved Coot optimization algorithmOvershoot |
| spellingShingle | Zheng Wang Mehrdad Rezaie Gholamreza Fathi Designing a new optimal controller for a PEMFC by an improved design of the Coot Optimizer Scientific Reports PEMFC State space model PID Optimal control Improved Coot optimization algorithm Overshoot |
| title | Designing a new optimal controller for a PEMFC by an improved design of the Coot Optimizer |
| title_full | Designing a new optimal controller for a PEMFC by an improved design of the Coot Optimizer |
| title_fullStr | Designing a new optimal controller for a PEMFC by an improved design of the Coot Optimizer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Designing a new optimal controller for a PEMFC by an improved design of the Coot Optimizer |
| title_short | Designing a new optimal controller for a PEMFC by an improved design of the Coot Optimizer |
| title_sort | designing a new optimal controller for a pemfc by an improved design of the coot optimizer |
| topic | PEMFC State space model PID Optimal control Improved Coot optimization algorithm Overshoot |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01637-4 |
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