Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Isolated from Pigs with Enzootic Pneumonia in Australia
<i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>, an important cause of enzootic pneumonia in pigs in many countries, has recently been shown to exhibit reduced susceptibility to several antimicrobial classes. In the present study, a total of 185 pig lung tissue samples were collected from abattoirs in A...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Raziallah Jafari Jozani Mauida F. Hasoon Al Khallawi Hanh Thi Hong Nguyen Majed H. Mohammed Kiro Petrovski Yan Ren Darren Trott Farhid Hemmatzadeh Wai Yee Low |
| author_facet | Raziallah Jafari Jozani Mauida F. Hasoon Al Khallawi Hanh Thi Hong Nguyen Majed H. Mohammed Kiro Petrovski Yan Ren Darren Trott Farhid Hemmatzadeh Wai Yee Low |
| author_sort | Raziallah Jafari Jozani |
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| description | <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>, an important cause of enzootic pneumonia in pigs in many countries, has recently been shown to exhibit reduced susceptibility to several antimicrobial classes. In the present study, a total of 185 pig lung tissue samples were collected from abattoirs in Australia, from which 21 isolates of <i>M. hyopneumoniae</i> were obtained. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates was determined for 12 antimicrobials using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, and a subset (<i>n</i> = 14) underwent whole-genome sequence analysis. MIC testing revealed uniformly low values for enrofloxacin (≤1 μg/mL), florfenicol (≤8 μg/mL), lincomycin (≤4 μg/mL), spectinomycin (≤4 μg/mL), tetracycline (≤0.5 μg/mL), tiamulin (≤2 μg/mL), tildipirosin (≤4 μg/mL), tilmicosin (≤16 μg/mL) tulathromycin (≤2 μg/mL), and tylosin (≤2 μg/mL). Higher MICs were observed for erythromycin (MIC range: 16–32 μg/mL), gamithromycin, and tilmicosin (MIC range of both: 32–64 μg/mL). Whole-genome sequencing of the isolates and additional screening using mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR did not identify any known genetic resistance markers within 23S rRNA (macrolides), DNA gyrase A, and topoisomerase IV genes (fluoroquinolones). The WGS data also indicated that the Australian <i>M. hyopneumoniae</i> isolates exhibited limited genetic diversity and formed a distinct monophylectic clade when compared to isolates from other countries. These findings indicate that Australian <i>M. hyopneumoniae</i> likely remains susceptible to the major antimicrobials used to treat enzootic pneumonia in pigs and have evolved in isolation from strains identified in other pig-producing countries. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-fadeb6f4866d4e88a4e5dc780f1a77202024-12-27T14:45:14ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172024-11-011312104410.3390/pathogens13121044Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Isolated from Pigs with Enzootic Pneumonia in AustraliaRaziallah Jafari Jozani0Mauida F. Hasoon Al Khallawi1Hanh Thi Hong Nguyen2Majed H. Mohammed3Kiro Petrovski4Yan Ren5Darren Trott6Farhid Hemmatzadeh7Wai Yee Low8The Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaThe Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaThe Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaThe Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaThe Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaThe Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaThe Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaThe Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaThe Davies Livestock Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia<i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>, an important cause of enzootic pneumonia in pigs in many countries, has recently been shown to exhibit reduced susceptibility to several antimicrobial classes. In the present study, a total of 185 pig lung tissue samples were collected from abattoirs in Australia, from which 21 isolates of <i>M. hyopneumoniae</i> were obtained. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates was determined for 12 antimicrobials using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, and a subset (<i>n</i> = 14) underwent whole-genome sequence analysis. MIC testing revealed uniformly low values for enrofloxacin (≤1 μg/mL), florfenicol (≤8 μg/mL), lincomycin (≤4 μg/mL), spectinomycin (≤4 μg/mL), tetracycline (≤0.5 μg/mL), tiamulin (≤2 μg/mL), tildipirosin (≤4 μg/mL), tilmicosin (≤16 μg/mL) tulathromycin (≤2 μg/mL), and tylosin (≤2 μg/mL). Higher MICs were observed for erythromycin (MIC range: 16–32 μg/mL), gamithromycin, and tilmicosin (MIC range of both: 32–64 μg/mL). Whole-genome sequencing of the isolates and additional screening using mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR did not identify any known genetic resistance markers within 23S rRNA (macrolides), DNA gyrase A, and topoisomerase IV genes (fluoroquinolones). The WGS data also indicated that the Australian <i>M. hyopneumoniae</i> isolates exhibited limited genetic diversity and formed a distinct monophylectic clade when compared to isolates from other countries. These findings indicate that Australian <i>M. hyopneumoniae</i> likely remains susceptible to the major antimicrobials used to treat enzootic pneumonia in pigs and have evolved in isolation from strains identified in other pig-producing countries.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/12/1044<i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i>minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)pigsenzootic pneumoniawhole-genome sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Raziallah Jafari Jozani Mauida F. Hasoon Al Khallawi Hanh Thi Hong Nguyen Majed H. Mohammed Kiro Petrovski Yan Ren Darren Trott Farhid Hemmatzadeh Wai Yee Low Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Isolated from Pigs with Enzootic Pneumonia in Australia Pathogens <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) pigs enzootic pneumonia whole-genome sequencing |
| title | Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Isolated from Pigs with Enzootic Pneumonia in Australia |
| title_full | Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Isolated from Pigs with Enzootic Pneumonia in Australia |
| title_fullStr | Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Isolated from Pigs with Enzootic Pneumonia in Australia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Isolated from Pigs with Enzootic Pneumonia in Australia |
| title_short | Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Isolated from Pigs with Enzootic Pneumonia in Australia |
| title_sort | phenotypic and genotypic analysis of antimicrobial resistance in i mycoplasma hyopneumoniae i isolated from pigs with enzootic pneumonia in australia |
| topic | <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) pigs enzootic pneumonia whole-genome sequencing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/12/1044 |
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