Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes from subdistrict to district level in three rural districts in Greater Accra region of Ghana: an implementation research using mixed methods

Objective To assess the completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes at the district level of healthcare.Design An implementation research within three districts in Greater Accra region using mixed methods. During baseline and intervention phases, referral processes for all obstetric referrals f...

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Main Authors: Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Evelyn Ansah, Daniel Arhinful
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2019-09-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/9/e029785.full
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author Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
Evelyn Ansah
Daniel Arhinful
author_facet Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
Evelyn Ansah
Daniel Arhinful
author_sort Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
collection DOAJ
description Objective To assess the completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes at the district level of healthcare.Design An implementation research within three districts in Greater Accra region using mixed methods. During baseline and intervention phases, referral processes for all obstetric referrals from lower level facilities seen at the district hospitals were documented including indications for referrals, availability and completeness of referral notes/forms. An assessment of before and after intervention availability and completeness of referral forms was carried out. Focus group discussions, non-participant observations and in-depth interviews with health workers and pregnant women were conducted for qualitative data.Setting Three (3) districts in the Greater Accra region of Ghana.Participants Pregnant women referred from lower levels of care to and seen at the district hospital, health workers within the three districts and pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in the district and their family members or spouses.Intervention An enhanced interfacility referral communication system consisting of training, provision of communication tools for facilities, formation of hospital referral teams and strengthening feedback mechanisms.Outcome Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes.Results Proportion of obstetric referrals with referral notes improved from 27.2% to 44.3% from the baseline to intervention period. Mean completeness (95% CI) of all forms was 71.3% (64.1% to 78.5%) for the study period, improving from 70.7% (60.4% to 80.9%) to 71.9% (61.1% to 82.7%) from baseline to intervention periods. Health workers reported they do not always provide referral notes and that most referral notes are not completely filled due to various reasons.Conclusions Most obstetric referrals did not have referral notes. The few notes provided were not completely filled. Interventions such as training of health workers, regular review of referral processes and use of electronic records can help improve both the provision of and completeness of the referral notes.
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spelling doaj-art-fa61e766402b4134b9f1d6290339ebd22024-11-30T20:20:09ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552019-09-019910.1136/bmjopen-2019-029785Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes from subdistrict to district level in three rural districts in Greater Accra region of Ghana: an implementation research using mixed methodsKerstin Klipstein-Grobusch0Evelyn Ansah1Daniel Arhinful2Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaInstitute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana1 Department of Epidemiology, University of Ghana, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, GhanaObjective To assess the completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes at the district level of healthcare.Design An implementation research within three districts in Greater Accra region using mixed methods. During baseline and intervention phases, referral processes for all obstetric referrals from lower level facilities seen at the district hospitals were documented including indications for referrals, availability and completeness of referral notes/forms. An assessment of before and after intervention availability and completeness of referral forms was carried out. Focus group discussions, non-participant observations and in-depth interviews with health workers and pregnant women were conducted for qualitative data.Setting Three (3) districts in the Greater Accra region of Ghana.Participants Pregnant women referred from lower levels of care to and seen at the district hospital, health workers within the three districts and pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in the district and their family members or spouses.Intervention An enhanced interfacility referral communication system consisting of training, provision of communication tools for facilities, formation of hospital referral teams and strengthening feedback mechanisms.Outcome Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes.Results Proportion of obstetric referrals with referral notes improved from 27.2% to 44.3% from the baseline to intervention period. Mean completeness (95% CI) of all forms was 71.3% (64.1% to 78.5%) for the study period, improving from 70.7% (60.4% to 80.9%) to 71.9% (61.1% to 82.7%) from baseline to intervention periods. Health workers reported they do not always provide referral notes and that most referral notes are not completely filled due to various reasons.Conclusions Most obstetric referrals did not have referral notes. The few notes provided were not completely filled. Interventions such as training of health workers, regular review of referral processes and use of electronic records can help improve both the provision of and completeness of the referral notes.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/9/e029785.full
spellingShingle Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
Evelyn Ansah
Daniel Arhinful
Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes from subdistrict to district level in three rural districts in Greater Accra region of Ghana: an implementation research using mixed methods
BMJ Open
title Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes from subdistrict to district level in three rural districts in Greater Accra region of Ghana: an implementation research using mixed methods
title_full Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes from subdistrict to district level in three rural districts in Greater Accra region of Ghana: an implementation research using mixed methods
title_fullStr Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes from subdistrict to district level in three rural districts in Greater Accra region of Ghana: an implementation research using mixed methods
title_full_unstemmed Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes from subdistrict to district level in three rural districts in Greater Accra region of Ghana: an implementation research using mixed methods
title_short Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes from subdistrict to district level in three rural districts in Greater Accra region of Ghana: an implementation research using mixed methods
title_sort completeness of obstetric referral letters notes from subdistrict to district level in three rural districts in greater accra region of ghana an implementation research using mixed methods
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/9/e029785.full
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AT danielarhinful completenessofobstetricreferrallettersnotesfromsubdistricttodistrictlevelinthreeruraldistrictsingreateraccraregionofghanaanimplementationresearchusingmixedmethods