Advanced Monte Carlo simulations and benchmark of residual dose rate assessments in the ATLAS detector at CERN LHC [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
Background The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) pushes the frontiers of physics through the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a 27-kilometre hadron accelerator capable of producing proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of up to 13.6 TeV. Its four main detectors (ALICE, ATLA...
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F1000 Research Ltd
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://nstopenresearch.org/articles/2-71/v1 |
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| author | Vasiliki Kouskoura Tommaso Lorenzon Davide Bozzato Daniel Björkman Robert Froeschl Anna Cimmino |
| author_facet | Vasiliki Kouskoura Tommaso Lorenzon Davide Bozzato Daniel Björkman Robert Froeschl Anna Cimmino |
| author_sort | Vasiliki Kouskoura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) pushes the frontiers of physics through the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a 27-kilometre hadron accelerator capable of producing proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of up to 13.6 TeV. Its four main detectors (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) are unique examples of advanced particle detection technology and complexity. Ensuring radiological safety throughout the LHC’s environments and lifecycle is a critical task managed by the CERN Radiation Protection group. In this context, assessing residual dose rates is crucial for planning exposure situations, such as maintenance and upgrade projects during LHC shutdowns. Methods This work presents advanced Monte Carlo techniques developed at CERN to predict residual dose rates in the LHC experimental caverns, focusing on the ATLAS detector. Predictions are made using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code and the SESAME toolkit for two-step simulations. The simulation results are benchmarked against experimental residual dose rate measurements collected during LHC Long Shutdown 2 at ATLAS. Additionally, forecasts for Long Shutdown 3 are also presented. Results The FLUKA benchmark for the ATLAS detector demonstrates a general agreement within a factor of 1.5. This consistency validates both the FLUKA geometry model of the ATLAS detector and the reliability of the Monte Carlo techniques used to predict residual dose rates in such complex environments. Conclusions The study highlights the predictive capabilities of the FLUKA and SESAME coupling for simulating residual dose rates in large LHC experiments. This method plays a crucial role in ensuring radiological safety, primarily for dose prediction and optimization. The reliability of this approach is significantly supported by the benchmark results obtained at ATLAS and presented in this paper. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa565bd20eea48158681994fa381e00d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2755-967X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | F1000 Research Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nuclear Science and Technology Open Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa565bd20eea48158681994fa381e00d2024-12-28T01:00:00ZengF1000 Research LtdNuclear Science and Technology Open Research2755-967X2024-11-01218875Advanced Monte Carlo simulations and benchmark of residual dose rate assessments in the ATLAS detector at CERN LHC [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]Vasiliki Kouskoura0Tommaso Lorenzon1https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3898-0704Davide Bozzato2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5306-361XDaniel Björkman3Robert Froeschl4Anna Cimmino5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-4996European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN),Esplanade des Particules 1, Geneva, 1211, SwitzerlandEuropean Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN),Esplanade des Particules 1, Geneva, 1211, SwitzerlandEuropean Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN),Esplanade des Particules 1, Geneva, 1211, SwitzerlandPaul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, 5232, SwitzerlandEuropean Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN),Esplanade des Particules 1, Geneva, 1211, SwitzerlandThe Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI Beamlines Facility, Dolní Břežany, 25241, Czech RepublicBackground The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) pushes the frontiers of physics through the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a 27-kilometre hadron accelerator capable of producing proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of up to 13.6 TeV. Its four main detectors (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) are unique examples of advanced particle detection technology and complexity. Ensuring radiological safety throughout the LHC’s environments and lifecycle is a critical task managed by the CERN Radiation Protection group. In this context, assessing residual dose rates is crucial for planning exposure situations, such as maintenance and upgrade projects during LHC shutdowns. Methods This work presents advanced Monte Carlo techniques developed at CERN to predict residual dose rates in the LHC experimental caverns, focusing on the ATLAS detector. Predictions are made using the FLUKA Monte Carlo code and the SESAME toolkit for two-step simulations. The simulation results are benchmarked against experimental residual dose rate measurements collected during LHC Long Shutdown 2 at ATLAS. Additionally, forecasts for Long Shutdown 3 are also presented. Results The FLUKA benchmark for the ATLAS detector demonstrates a general agreement within a factor of 1.5. This consistency validates both the FLUKA geometry model of the ATLAS detector and the reliability of the Monte Carlo techniques used to predict residual dose rates in such complex environments. Conclusions The study highlights the predictive capabilities of the FLUKA and SESAME coupling for simulating residual dose rates in large LHC experiments. This method plays a crucial role in ensuring radiological safety, primarily for dose prediction and optimization. The reliability of this approach is significantly supported by the benchmark results obtained at ATLAS and presented in this paper.https://nstopenresearch.org/articles/2-71/v1Radiation Protection FLUKA ATLAS LHC Residual radiation Monte Carlo simulationseng |
| spellingShingle | Vasiliki Kouskoura Tommaso Lorenzon Davide Bozzato Daniel Björkman Robert Froeschl Anna Cimmino Advanced Monte Carlo simulations and benchmark of residual dose rate assessments in the ATLAS detector at CERN LHC [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] Nuclear Science and Technology Open Research Radiation Protection FLUKA ATLAS LHC Residual radiation Monte Carlo simulations eng |
| title | Advanced Monte Carlo simulations and benchmark of residual dose rate assessments in the ATLAS detector at CERN LHC [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] |
| title_full | Advanced Monte Carlo simulations and benchmark of residual dose rate assessments in the ATLAS detector at CERN LHC [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] |
| title_fullStr | Advanced Monte Carlo simulations and benchmark of residual dose rate assessments in the ATLAS detector at CERN LHC [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advanced Monte Carlo simulations and benchmark of residual dose rate assessments in the ATLAS detector at CERN LHC [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] |
| title_short | Advanced Monte Carlo simulations and benchmark of residual dose rate assessments in the ATLAS detector at CERN LHC [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] |
| title_sort | advanced monte carlo simulations and benchmark of residual dose rate assessments in the atlas detector at cern lhc version 1 peer review 2 approved 1 approved with reservations |
| topic | Radiation Protection FLUKA ATLAS LHC Residual radiation Monte Carlo simulations eng |
| url | https://nstopenresearch.org/articles/2-71/v1 |
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