The Diversity of Morphological Traits and Seed Metabolomic Composition in Buckwheat Genetic Resources

This study examines the impact of environmental conditions on the growth, yield, and biochemical composition of common buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> Moench.) across two locations in Central Europe over three consecutive growing seasons (2019–2021). Significant variations in mete...

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Main Authors: Petra Hlásná Čepková, Dagmar Janovská, Maria Bernhart, Pavel Svoboda, Michal Jágr, Vladimir Meglič
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/903
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author Petra Hlásná Čepková
Dagmar Janovská
Maria Bernhart
Pavel Svoboda
Michal Jágr
Vladimir Meglič
author_facet Petra Hlásná Čepková
Dagmar Janovská
Maria Bernhart
Pavel Svoboda
Michal Jágr
Vladimir Meglič
author_sort Petra Hlásná Čepková
collection DOAJ
description This study examines the impact of environmental conditions on the growth, yield, and biochemical composition of common buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> Moench.) across two locations in Central Europe over three consecutive growing seasons (2019–2021). Significant variations in meteorological conditions, including temperature fluctuations and rainfall, were observed between two locations: Austria (AT) and the Czech Republic (CZ). The study highlights the role of these environmental factors in influencing morphological traits such as plant height, leaf dimensions, and 1000-seed weight (TSW), as well as nutritional and bioactive compound content. Buckwheat plants in Austria generally exhibited higher mean values for plant height and TSW compared to the Czech Republic, with significant variability observed across varieties and years. In terms of nutritional quality, crude protein content ranged between 12.56 and 14.71% dw, with the highest protein levels linked to cooler, low-rainfall conditions. The study also investigated phenolic compounds, particularly rutin, which showed a significant increase in content in 2021, likely due to extreme weather conditions. Varieties such as Sweden-1, Tempest, and Zamira exhibited stable, high rutin levels across all years. Overall, this research highlights the complexity of environmental influences on the agronomic and nutritional traits of buckwheat and provides valuable insights for future breeding programs aimed at improving yield and nutritional value under changing climatic conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-fa556d82b34045f68ba027fbb33eaa1a2025-08-20T03:43:26ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-03-0114690310.3390/plants14060903The Diversity of Morphological Traits and Seed Metabolomic Composition in Buckwheat Genetic ResourcesPetra Hlásná Čepková0Dagmar Janovská1Maria Bernhart2Pavel Svoboda3Michal Jágr4Vladimir Meglič5Gene Bank, Czech Agrifood Research Center (former Crop Research Institute), Drnovská 507/73, Prague 6—Ruzyně, 161 06 Prague, Czech RepublicGene Bank, Czech Agrifood Research Center (former Crop Research Institute), Drnovská 507/73, Prague 6—Ruzyně, 161 06 Prague, Czech RepublicSaatzucht Gleisdorf GmbH, Am Tieberhof 33, 8200 Gleisdorf, AustriaMolecular Genetics, Czech Agrifood Research Center (former Crop Research Institute), Drnovská 507/73, Prague 6—Ruzyně, 161 06 Prague, Czech RepublicQuality of Plant Products, Czech Agrifood Research Center (former Crop Research Institute), Drnovská Prague 6—Ruzyně, 161 06 Prague, Czech RepublicAgricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulice 17, SI-1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaThis study examines the impact of environmental conditions on the growth, yield, and biochemical composition of common buckwheat (<i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> Moench.) across two locations in Central Europe over three consecutive growing seasons (2019–2021). Significant variations in meteorological conditions, including temperature fluctuations and rainfall, were observed between two locations: Austria (AT) and the Czech Republic (CZ). The study highlights the role of these environmental factors in influencing morphological traits such as plant height, leaf dimensions, and 1000-seed weight (TSW), as well as nutritional and bioactive compound content. Buckwheat plants in Austria generally exhibited higher mean values for plant height and TSW compared to the Czech Republic, with significant variability observed across varieties and years. In terms of nutritional quality, crude protein content ranged between 12.56 and 14.71% dw, with the highest protein levels linked to cooler, low-rainfall conditions. The study also investigated phenolic compounds, particularly rutin, which showed a significant increase in content in 2021, likely due to extreme weather conditions. Varieties such as Sweden-1, Tempest, and Zamira exhibited stable, high rutin levels across all years. Overall, this research highlights the complexity of environmental influences on the agronomic and nutritional traits of buckwheat and provides valuable insights for future breeding programs aimed at improving yield and nutritional value under changing climatic conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/903common buckwheatgenetic resourcesenvironmentmetabolomic profilingminor cereal
spellingShingle Petra Hlásná Čepková
Dagmar Janovská
Maria Bernhart
Pavel Svoboda
Michal Jágr
Vladimir Meglič
The Diversity of Morphological Traits and Seed Metabolomic Composition in Buckwheat Genetic Resources
Plants
common buckwheat
genetic resources
environment
metabolomic profiling
minor cereal
title The Diversity of Morphological Traits and Seed Metabolomic Composition in Buckwheat Genetic Resources
title_full The Diversity of Morphological Traits and Seed Metabolomic Composition in Buckwheat Genetic Resources
title_fullStr The Diversity of Morphological Traits and Seed Metabolomic Composition in Buckwheat Genetic Resources
title_full_unstemmed The Diversity of Morphological Traits and Seed Metabolomic Composition in Buckwheat Genetic Resources
title_short The Diversity of Morphological Traits and Seed Metabolomic Composition in Buckwheat Genetic Resources
title_sort diversity of morphological traits and seed metabolomic composition in buckwheat genetic resources
topic common buckwheat
genetic resources
environment
metabolomic profiling
minor cereal
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/6/903
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