Ocular Lesions in Birds of Prey in Portugal: A Retrospective Study

In wildlife rehabilitation centers, thousands of animals are treated annually, with a substantial proportion being birds of prey. Since vision is essential for the survival of these species, this study focused on investigating the causes of ocular injuries in raptors admitted to four rehabilitation...

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Main Authors: Lucas Ribeiro, Maria Casero, Carolina Nunes, Mariana Ribeiro, Roberto Sargo, Filipe Silva, Elisete Correia, Maria de Lurdes Pinto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Birds
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6004/5/4/43
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author Lucas Ribeiro
Maria Casero
Carolina Nunes
Mariana Ribeiro
Roberto Sargo
Filipe Silva
Elisete Correia
Maria de Lurdes Pinto
author_facet Lucas Ribeiro
Maria Casero
Carolina Nunes
Mariana Ribeiro
Roberto Sargo
Filipe Silva
Elisete Correia
Maria de Lurdes Pinto
author_sort Lucas Ribeiro
collection DOAJ
description In wildlife rehabilitation centers, thousands of animals are treated annually, with a substantial proportion being birds of prey. Since vision is essential for the survival of these species, this study focused on investigating the causes of ocular injuries in raptors admitted to four rehabilitation centers across mainland Portugal from 2017 to 2021. Of the 2207 birds admitted during this period, 156 (7%) presented ocular injuries. Hyphema (28.2%) and corneal ulcers (20.5%) were the most prevalent injuries, often occurring together or alongside lens luxation. Nocturnal raptors showed a higher prevalence of these injuries (76.9%) compared to diurnal raptors (23.1%). A significant association was found between ocular injuries and causes of admission, particularly with ocular hemorrhages and multiple injuries in the eye. Despite the severity of the ocular injuries, the release rate remained relatively high at 51%, underscoring the critical role of comprehensive ocular examinations and vision assessments in guiding treatment decisions and discharge decisions. This study highlights the need for further research with larger samples to better understand the impact of ocular injuries on the rehabilitation success of wild birds in Portugal.
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spelling doaj-art-fa4d135a88da4ff2bda372ec3f9c718f2024-12-27T14:14:25ZengMDPI AGBirds2673-60042024-10-015463764710.3390/birds5040043Ocular Lesions in Birds of Prey in Portugal: A Retrospective StudyLucas Ribeiro0Maria Casero1Carolina Nunes2Mariana Ribeiro3Roberto Sargo4Filipe Silva5Elisete Correia6Maria de Lurdes Pinto7Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-811 Vila Real, PortugalWildlife Rehabilitation and Research Center (RIAS), 8700-194 Olhão, PortugalWildlife Rehabilitation Center of Santo André (CRASSA), 7540-107 Santiago do Cacém, PortugalCenter for The Study and Recovery of Wild Animals (CERAS), Quercus ANCN, 6000-284 Castelo Branco, PortugalWildlife Rehabilitation Center (CRAS) and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-811 Vila Real, PortugalWildlife Rehabilitation Center (CRAS) and Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-811 Vila Real, PortugalCenter for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics (CEMAT), Department of Mathematics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalAnimal and Veterinary Research Center and AL4AnimaLS, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-811 Vila Real, PortugalIn wildlife rehabilitation centers, thousands of animals are treated annually, with a substantial proportion being birds of prey. Since vision is essential for the survival of these species, this study focused on investigating the causes of ocular injuries in raptors admitted to four rehabilitation centers across mainland Portugal from 2017 to 2021. Of the 2207 birds admitted during this period, 156 (7%) presented ocular injuries. Hyphema (28.2%) and corneal ulcers (20.5%) were the most prevalent injuries, often occurring together or alongside lens luxation. Nocturnal raptors showed a higher prevalence of these injuries (76.9%) compared to diurnal raptors (23.1%). A significant association was found between ocular injuries and causes of admission, particularly with ocular hemorrhages and multiple injuries in the eye. Despite the severity of the ocular injuries, the release rate remained relatively high at 51%, underscoring the critical role of comprehensive ocular examinations and vision assessments in guiding treatment decisions and discharge decisions. This study highlights the need for further research with larger samples to better understand the impact of ocular injuries on the rehabilitation success of wild birds in Portugal.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6004/5/4/43ophthalmologyraptorswildlife recovery centers
spellingShingle Lucas Ribeiro
Maria Casero
Carolina Nunes
Mariana Ribeiro
Roberto Sargo
Filipe Silva
Elisete Correia
Maria de Lurdes Pinto
Ocular Lesions in Birds of Prey in Portugal: A Retrospective Study
Birds
ophthalmology
raptors
wildlife recovery centers
title Ocular Lesions in Birds of Prey in Portugal: A Retrospective Study
title_full Ocular Lesions in Birds of Prey in Portugal: A Retrospective Study
title_fullStr Ocular Lesions in Birds of Prey in Portugal: A Retrospective Study
title_full_unstemmed Ocular Lesions in Birds of Prey in Portugal: A Retrospective Study
title_short Ocular Lesions in Birds of Prey in Portugal: A Retrospective Study
title_sort ocular lesions in birds of prey in portugal a retrospective study
topic ophthalmology
raptors
wildlife recovery centers
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6004/5/4/43
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