Exploring the altitude differentiation and influencing factors of PM2.5 and O3: a case study of the Fenwei Plain, China

Altitude differentiation has a substantial effect on the synergistic control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution. This study targets the Fenwei Plain, which is affected by mountain range blockage, divided into different altitude scales, and employs the methods of correlation analysis and geographical detector...

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Main Authors: Zhenglin Yin, Lei Yuan, Yulian Yang, Xiaowei Wu, Zhiyong Chen, Haixiao Long
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Environmental Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1509460/full
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author Zhenglin Yin
Lei Yuan
Yulian Yang
Xiaowei Wu
Zhiyong Chen
Haixiao Long
author_facet Zhenglin Yin
Lei Yuan
Yulian Yang
Xiaowei Wu
Zhiyong Chen
Haixiao Long
author_sort Zhenglin Yin
collection DOAJ
description Altitude differentiation has a substantial effect on the synergistic control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution. This study targets the Fenwei Plain, which is affected by mountain range blockage, divided into different altitude scales, and employs the methods of correlation analysis and geographical detector to explore the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 and O3 between different altitude zones and to identify the key controlling factors of pollutants between different altitude areas. The results showed that PM2.5 showed a significant decreasing trend from 2014 to 2023, whereas O3 exhibited an opposite trend. The concentrations of both pollutants decreased with increasing altitude, particularly for PM2.5, which showed significant altitudinal differentiation under the influence of topography. PM2.5 was negatively correlated with gross domestic product (GDP) and precipitation, and positively correlated with SO2. In contrast, the correlation of O3 with these factors was opposite to that of PM2.5. For spatial differentiation, NO2 and SO2 were the main factors influencing the spatial differentiation of PM2.5 and O3 at different altitudes. The explanatory power of the spatial divergence of PM2.5 and O3 was greatly increased by the interactions between the two precursors and between the precursors and meteorological factors. Furthermore, the explanatory power of the PM2.5 dominant factor increased with elevation, while the explanatory power of the O3 dominant factor was relatively high across low, middle, and high altitudes. This study serves as a guide for reducing air pollution in the Fenwei Plain and offers a novel perspective for the study of PM2.5 and O3 influenced by terrain.
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spelling doaj-art-fa20f429e70141b5bce9e19b467092ea2025-01-06T06:59:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2025-01-011210.3389/fenvs.2024.15094601509460Exploring the altitude differentiation and influencing factors of PM2.5 and O3: a case study of the Fenwei Plain, ChinaZhenglin Yin0Lei Yuan1Yulian Yang2Xiaowei Wu3Zhiyong Chen4Haixiao Long5Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, ChinaFaculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, ChinaFaculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, ChinaYunnan Surverying and Mapping Institute Co. Ltd., Kunming, ChinaFaculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, ChinaFaculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, ChinaAltitude differentiation has a substantial effect on the synergistic control of PM2.5 and O3 pollution. This study targets the Fenwei Plain, which is affected by mountain range blockage, divided into different altitude scales, and employs the methods of correlation analysis and geographical detector to explore the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PM2.5 and O3 between different altitude zones and to identify the key controlling factors of pollutants between different altitude areas. The results showed that PM2.5 showed a significant decreasing trend from 2014 to 2023, whereas O3 exhibited an opposite trend. The concentrations of both pollutants decreased with increasing altitude, particularly for PM2.5, which showed significant altitudinal differentiation under the influence of topography. PM2.5 was negatively correlated with gross domestic product (GDP) and precipitation, and positively correlated with SO2. In contrast, the correlation of O3 with these factors was opposite to that of PM2.5. For spatial differentiation, NO2 and SO2 were the main factors influencing the spatial differentiation of PM2.5 and O3 at different altitudes. The explanatory power of the spatial divergence of PM2.5 and O3 was greatly increased by the interactions between the two precursors and between the precursors and meteorological factors. Furthermore, the explanatory power of the PM2.5 dominant factor increased with elevation, while the explanatory power of the O3 dominant factor was relatively high across low, middle, and high altitudes. This study serves as a guide for reducing air pollution in the Fenwei Plain and offers a novel perspective for the study of PM2.5 and O3 influenced by terrain.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1509460/fullPM2.5O3atmospheric pollutiongeographic detectorspatiotemporal characteristicsinfluencing factors
spellingShingle Zhenglin Yin
Lei Yuan
Yulian Yang
Xiaowei Wu
Zhiyong Chen
Haixiao Long
Exploring the altitude differentiation and influencing factors of PM2.5 and O3: a case study of the Fenwei Plain, China
Frontiers in Environmental Science
PM2.5
O3
atmospheric pollution
geographic detector
spatiotemporal characteristics
influencing factors
title Exploring the altitude differentiation and influencing factors of PM2.5 and O3: a case study of the Fenwei Plain, China
title_full Exploring the altitude differentiation and influencing factors of PM2.5 and O3: a case study of the Fenwei Plain, China
title_fullStr Exploring the altitude differentiation and influencing factors of PM2.5 and O3: a case study of the Fenwei Plain, China
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the altitude differentiation and influencing factors of PM2.5 and O3: a case study of the Fenwei Plain, China
title_short Exploring the altitude differentiation and influencing factors of PM2.5 and O3: a case study of the Fenwei Plain, China
title_sort exploring the altitude differentiation and influencing factors of pm2 5 and o3 a case study of the fenwei plain china
topic PM2.5
O3
atmospheric pollution
geographic detector
spatiotemporal characteristics
influencing factors
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1509460/full
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