Proposal of a 2.4 GHz Rectifier With Temperature Range Trimming for Low-Power RF Energy Harvesting
This paper aims to study the effects of impedance mismatch in low-power Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) systems caused by the dependence of Schottky diode input impedance on temperature and propose solutions to mitigate them. Thus, the effects of temperature variation on impedance matching...
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10745505/ |
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| author | Renan Diniz Vinicius Santana Da Silva Humberto Pereira da Paz Renan Trevisoli Ivan Roberto Santana Casella Carlos Eduardo Capovilla |
| author_facet | Renan Diniz Vinicius Santana Da Silva Humberto Pereira da Paz Renan Trevisoli Ivan Roberto Santana Casella Carlos Eduardo Capovilla |
| author_sort | Renan Diniz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper aims to study the effects of impedance mismatch in low-power Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) systems caused by the dependence of Schottky diode input impedance on temperature and propose solutions to mitigate them. Thus, the effects of temperature variation on impedance matching and Radio Frequency (RF) to Direct Current (DC) Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) will be analyzed through the design, simulation and measurement of an RF rectifier to operate at low input power levels in the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band in two specific temperature ranges, one around the 300 K (reference ambient temperature) and other around the 325 K (higher temperatures). In order to solve the problem of impedance mismatch due to the temperature dependence of the Schottky diode, the RF rectifier is designed with an Input Matching Network (IMN) with trimming of the stubs in parallel that can be enabled or disabled to set up the desired network and operate according to the temperature of the location. Considering an input power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{in}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of −20 dBm, the PCE obtained with the prototype configured for room temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{300}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and for high temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{325}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are of 14.73% and 10.53% at 283 K, 16.72% and 16.15% at 303 K, 12.74% and 15.39% at 323 K and 5.82% and 11.67% at 343 K, respectively. As possibly expected by this proposal, the results indicate a higher and more stabler PCE at high temperatures in the prototype configured for 325 K while at room temperature the PCE is higher and more stabler in the prototype configured for 300 K. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fa17a730bc7a47a9885f3b93010dbbe0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-fa17a730bc7a47a9885f3b93010dbbe02024-11-19T00:02:12ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-011216727816728710.1109/ACCESS.2024.349280810745505Proposal of a 2.4 GHz Rectifier With Temperature Range Trimming for Low-Power RF Energy HarvestingRenan Diniz0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5465-7014Vinicius Santana Da Silva1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6323-8663Humberto Pereira da Paz2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4996-7891Renan Trevisoli3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5876-8731Ivan Roberto Santana Casella4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4770-2758Carlos Eduardo Capovilla5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2285-909XCenter of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, BrazilCenter of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, BrazilCenter of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, BrazilCenter of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, BrazilCenter of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, BrazilCenter of Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, BrazilThis paper aims to study the effects of impedance mismatch in low-power Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting (RFEH) systems caused by the dependence of Schottky diode input impedance on temperature and propose solutions to mitigate them. Thus, the effects of temperature variation on impedance matching and Radio Frequency (RF) to Direct Current (DC) Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) will be analyzed through the design, simulation and measurement of an RF rectifier to operate at low input power levels in the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band in two specific temperature ranges, one around the 300 K (reference ambient temperature) and other around the 325 K (higher temperatures). In order to solve the problem of impedance mismatch due to the temperature dependence of the Schottky diode, the RF rectifier is designed with an Input Matching Network (IMN) with trimming of the stubs in parallel that can be enabled or disabled to set up the desired network and operate according to the temperature of the location. Considering an input power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{in}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of −20 dBm, the PCE obtained with the prototype configured for room temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{300}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and for high temperature (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{325}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are of 14.73% and 10.53% at 283 K, 16.72% and 16.15% at 303 K, 12.74% and 15.39% at 323 K and 5.82% and 11.67% at 343 K, respectively. As possibly expected by this proposal, the results indicate a higher and more stabler PCE at high temperatures in the prototype configured for 325 K while at room temperature the PCE is higher and more stabler in the prototype configured for 300 K.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10745505/Energy harvestingradio frequencySchottky diodetemperature dependenceimpedance mismatchrectifier |
| spellingShingle | Renan Diniz Vinicius Santana Da Silva Humberto Pereira da Paz Renan Trevisoli Ivan Roberto Santana Casella Carlos Eduardo Capovilla Proposal of a 2.4 GHz Rectifier With Temperature Range Trimming for Low-Power RF Energy Harvesting IEEE Access Energy harvesting radio frequency Schottky diode temperature dependence impedance mismatch rectifier |
| title | Proposal of a 2.4 GHz Rectifier With Temperature Range Trimming for Low-Power RF Energy Harvesting |
| title_full | Proposal of a 2.4 GHz Rectifier With Temperature Range Trimming for Low-Power RF Energy Harvesting |
| title_fullStr | Proposal of a 2.4 GHz Rectifier With Temperature Range Trimming for Low-Power RF Energy Harvesting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proposal of a 2.4 GHz Rectifier With Temperature Range Trimming for Low-Power RF Energy Harvesting |
| title_short | Proposal of a 2.4 GHz Rectifier With Temperature Range Trimming for Low-Power RF Energy Harvesting |
| title_sort | proposal of a 2 4 ghz rectifier with temperature range trimming for low power rf energy harvesting |
| topic | Energy harvesting radio frequency Schottky diode temperature dependence impedance mismatch rectifier |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10745505/ |
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