Exploring the Immunoresponse in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy
Bladder cancer (BC) represents a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from recurrent non-invasive tumors to advanced stages that require intensive treatments. BC accounts for an estimated 500,000 new cases and 200,000 deaths worldwide every year. Understanding the biology of BC has changed how this di...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/23/1937 |
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| author | Inmaculada Ruiz-Lorente Lourdes Gimeno Alicia López-Abad Pedro López Cubillana Tomás Fernández Aparicio Lucas Jesús Asensio Egea Juan Moreno Avilés Gloria Doñate Iñiguez Pablo Luis Guzmán Martínez-Valls Gerardo Server José Félix Escudero-Bregante Belén Ferri José Antonio Campillo Eduardo Pons-Fuster María Dolores Martínez Hernández María Victoria Martínez-Sánchez Diana Ceballos Alfredo Minguela |
| author_facet | Inmaculada Ruiz-Lorente Lourdes Gimeno Alicia López-Abad Pedro López Cubillana Tomás Fernández Aparicio Lucas Jesús Asensio Egea Juan Moreno Avilés Gloria Doñate Iñiguez Pablo Luis Guzmán Martínez-Valls Gerardo Server José Félix Escudero-Bregante Belén Ferri José Antonio Campillo Eduardo Pons-Fuster María Dolores Martínez Hernández María Victoria Martínez-Sánchez Diana Ceballos Alfredo Minguela |
| author_sort | Inmaculada Ruiz-Lorente |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bladder cancer (BC) represents a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from recurrent non-invasive tumors to advanced stages that require intensive treatments. BC accounts for an estimated 500,000 new cases and 200,000 deaths worldwide every year. Understanding the biology of BC has changed how this disease is diagnosed and treated. Bladder cancer is highly immunogenic, involving innate and adaptive components of the immune system. Although little is still known of how immune cells respond to BC, immunotherapy with bacillus <i>Calmette–Guérin</i> (BCG) remains the gold standard in high-risk non-muscle invasive BC. For muscle-invasive BC and metastatic stages, immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 have emerged as potent therapies, enhancing immune surveillance and tumor cell elimination. This review aims to unravel the immune responses involving innate and adaptive immune cells in BC that will contribute to establishing new and promising therapeutic options, while reviewing the immunotherapies currently in use in bladder cancer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f9de33e1e6874d13809cdcd43c991351 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-f9de33e1e6874d13809cdcd43c9913512024-12-13T16:24:03ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-11-011323193710.3390/cells13231937Exploring the Immunoresponse in Bladder Cancer ImmunotherapyInmaculada Ruiz-Lorente0Lourdes Gimeno1Alicia López-Abad2Pedro López Cubillana3Tomás Fernández Aparicio4Lucas Jesús Asensio Egea5Juan Moreno Avilés6Gloria Doñate Iñiguez7Pablo Luis Guzmán Martínez-Valls8Gerardo Server9José Félix Escudero-Bregante10Belén Ferri11José Antonio Campillo12Eduardo Pons-Fuster13María Dolores Martínez Hernández14María Victoria Martínez-Sánchez15Diana Ceballos16Alfredo Minguela17Immunology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainImmunology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainUrology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainUrology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainUrology Service, Morales Meseguer Hospital, 30008 Murcia, SpainDe la Vega Lorenzo Guirao Hospital, 30530 Murcia, SpainUrology Service, Santa Lucia Hospital, 4067 Murcia, SpainUrology Service, Los Arcos Hospital, 30739 Murcia, SpainUrology Service, Reina Sofía Hospital, 14004 Murcia, SpainUrology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainUrology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainPathology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainImmunology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainHuman Anatomy Department, Universidad de Murcia and Campus Mare Nostrum, 30071 Murcia, SpainImmunology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainImmunology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainImmunology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainImmunology Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital (HCUVA), Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, SpainBladder cancer (BC) represents a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from recurrent non-invasive tumors to advanced stages that require intensive treatments. BC accounts for an estimated 500,000 new cases and 200,000 deaths worldwide every year. Understanding the biology of BC has changed how this disease is diagnosed and treated. Bladder cancer is highly immunogenic, involving innate and adaptive components of the immune system. Although little is still known of how immune cells respond to BC, immunotherapy with bacillus <i>Calmette–Guérin</i> (BCG) remains the gold standard in high-risk non-muscle invasive BC. For muscle-invasive BC and metastatic stages, immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 have emerged as potent therapies, enhancing immune surveillance and tumor cell elimination. This review aims to unravel the immune responses involving innate and adaptive immune cells in BC that will contribute to establishing new and promising therapeutic options, while reviewing the immunotherapies currently in use in bladder cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/23/1937bladder cancerimmune responseimmunotherapyBCGcheckpoints |
| spellingShingle | Inmaculada Ruiz-Lorente Lourdes Gimeno Alicia López-Abad Pedro López Cubillana Tomás Fernández Aparicio Lucas Jesús Asensio Egea Juan Moreno Avilés Gloria Doñate Iñiguez Pablo Luis Guzmán Martínez-Valls Gerardo Server José Félix Escudero-Bregante Belén Ferri José Antonio Campillo Eduardo Pons-Fuster María Dolores Martínez Hernández María Victoria Martínez-Sánchez Diana Ceballos Alfredo Minguela Exploring the Immunoresponse in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy Cells bladder cancer immune response immunotherapy BCG checkpoints |
| title | Exploring the Immunoresponse in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_full | Exploring the Immunoresponse in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Immunoresponse in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Immunoresponse in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_short | Exploring the Immunoresponse in Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy |
| title_sort | exploring the immunoresponse in bladder cancer immunotherapy |
| topic | bladder cancer immune response immunotherapy BCG checkpoints |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/23/1937 |
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