Factors influencing the acceptance and usage of ChatGPT as an emerging learning tool among higher education students in Bangladesh: a structural equation modeling

ChatGPT’s capability to provide immediate responses to student queries positions it as a potentially transformative educational tool. Nevertheless, its impact on Bangladeshi university students remains a subject of debate. This cross-sectional study examines ChatGPT usage among Bangladeshi universit...

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Main Authors: Md. Hasan Howlader, Mortuja Mahamud Tohan, Sayeeda Zaman, Sanjoy Kumar Chanda, Guo Jiaxin, Md. Ashfikur Rahman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Cogent Education
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2504224
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author Md. Hasan Howlader
Mortuja Mahamud Tohan
Sayeeda Zaman
Sanjoy Kumar Chanda
Guo Jiaxin
Md. Ashfikur Rahman
author_facet Md. Hasan Howlader
Mortuja Mahamud Tohan
Sayeeda Zaman
Sanjoy Kumar Chanda
Guo Jiaxin
Md. Ashfikur Rahman
author_sort Md. Hasan Howlader
collection DOAJ
description ChatGPT’s capability to provide immediate responses to student queries positions it as a potentially transformative educational tool. Nevertheless, its impact on Bangladeshi university students remains a subject of debate. This cross-sectional study examines ChatGPT usage among Bangladeshi university students and its determinants using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data from 729 students across five public and four private universities were analyzed via inferential statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicate perceived usefulness, ease of use, and perceived risk significantly influence ChatGPT adoption. Private university students’ usage was primarily driven by ease of use and perceived usefulness, while perceived risk and attitude showed no significant impact. In contrast, public university students’ usage was strongly influenced by perceived usefulness and existing knowledge, with perceived risk negatively affecting attitudes. Public university students perceived higher risks and lower ease of use than private peers. SEM highlighted ease of use as the strongest positive predictor in private institutions, while existing knowledge was more influential in public ones. The findings suggest structured training, awareness campaigns, and safety policies could mitigate risks and enhance ethical adoption. Public universities require targeted interventions to address risk perceptions, whereas private institutions benefit from emphasizing ChatGPT’s usability and academic value.
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spelling doaj-art-f9d3eb7cd83741c280ebf28c7029bcaa2025-08-20T03:49:37ZengTaylor & Francis GroupCogent Education2331-186X2025-12-0112110.1080/2331186X.2025.2504224Factors influencing the acceptance and usage of ChatGPT as an emerging learning tool among higher education students in Bangladesh: a structural equation modelingMd. Hasan Howlader0Mortuja Mahamud Tohan1Sayeeda Zaman2Sanjoy Kumar Chanda3Guo Jiaxin4Md. Ashfikur Rahman5Development Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, BangladeshDevelopment Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, BangladeshDevelopment Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, BangladeshSociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, BangladeshSchool of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong KongDevelopment Studies Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, BangladeshChatGPT’s capability to provide immediate responses to student queries positions it as a potentially transformative educational tool. Nevertheless, its impact on Bangladeshi university students remains a subject of debate. This cross-sectional study examines ChatGPT usage among Bangladeshi university students and its determinants using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data from 729 students across five public and four private universities were analyzed via inferential statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicate perceived usefulness, ease of use, and perceived risk significantly influence ChatGPT adoption. Private university students’ usage was primarily driven by ease of use and perceived usefulness, while perceived risk and attitude showed no significant impact. In contrast, public university students’ usage was strongly influenced by perceived usefulness and existing knowledge, with perceived risk negatively affecting attitudes. Public university students perceived higher risks and lower ease of use than private peers. SEM highlighted ease of use as the strongest positive predictor in private institutions, while existing knowledge was more influential in public ones. The findings suggest structured training, awareness campaigns, and safety policies could mitigate risks and enhance ethical adoption. Public universities require targeted interventions to address risk perceptions, whereas private institutions benefit from emphasizing ChatGPT’s usability and academic value.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2504224ChatGPTperceived riskstechnology acceptance modelhigher education studentsBangladeshAlgorithms & Complexity
spellingShingle Md. Hasan Howlader
Mortuja Mahamud Tohan
Sayeeda Zaman
Sanjoy Kumar Chanda
Guo Jiaxin
Md. Ashfikur Rahman
Factors influencing the acceptance and usage of ChatGPT as an emerging learning tool among higher education students in Bangladesh: a structural equation modeling
Cogent Education
ChatGPT
perceived risks
technology acceptance model
higher education students
Bangladesh
Algorithms & Complexity
title Factors influencing the acceptance and usage of ChatGPT as an emerging learning tool among higher education students in Bangladesh: a structural equation modeling
title_full Factors influencing the acceptance and usage of ChatGPT as an emerging learning tool among higher education students in Bangladesh: a structural equation modeling
title_fullStr Factors influencing the acceptance and usage of ChatGPT as an emerging learning tool among higher education students in Bangladesh: a structural equation modeling
title_full_unstemmed Factors influencing the acceptance and usage of ChatGPT as an emerging learning tool among higher education students in Bangladesh: a structural equation modeling
title_short Factors influencing the acceptance and usage of ChatGPT as an emerging learning tool among higher education students in Bangladesh: a structural equation modeling
title_sort factors influencing the acceptance and usage of chatgpt as an emerging learning tool among higher education students in bangladesh a structural equation modeling
topic ChatGPT
perceived risks
technology acceptance model
higher education students
Bangladesh
Algorithms & Complexity
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2504224
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