One-Year HbA1c Predicts Long-Term Pancreas Graft Survival Following SPK Transplantation: A US Population Cohort Study

One-Year HbA1c Predicts Long-Term Pancreas Graft Survival Following SPK Transplantation: A US Population Cohort Study

Understanding which factors shape long-term pancreas graft outcomes after the critical first year post-transplantation is an ongoing challenge. This study assesses one-year HbA1c as a predictor of subsequent pancreas graft survival. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the UNOS registry...

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Main Authors: Georgios Kourounis, Samuel J. Tingle, Angeles Maillo-Nieto, Caroline Wroe, Emily R. Thompson, Ruth Owen, Leonie van Leeuwen, Matthew Holzner, Vikram Wadhera, Mohammed Zeeshan Akhtar, Sander Florman, James Shaw, Steve White, Colin Wilson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Transplant International
Subjects:
pancreas transplantation
simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation
glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
graft survival
long-term outcomes
Online Access:https://www.frontierspartnerships.org/articles/10.3389/ti.2025.14940/full
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Summary:Understanding which factors shape long-term pancreas graft outcomes after the critical first year post-transplantation is an ongoing challenge. This study assesses one-year HbA1c as a predictor of subsequent pancreas graft survival. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the UNOS registry on all simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplants between 2017 and 2023. Regression models with multiple imputations for missing data were used to evaluate predictors of long-term function. Non-linear relationships were modelled with restricted cubic splines (RCS). Among 2,917 SPK recipients (median follow-up 44 months, IQR: 25–60), one-year HbA1c was the strongest independent predictor of long-term graft survival. An HbA1c of 6.8% versus 4.4% (95th vs. 5th percentile) was associated with significantly worse graft survival (aHR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.72–3.58). Simulated trial sample size calculations found that detecting a statistically and clinically significant reduction in one-year HbA1c from 7% to 6.5% would require 65 patients per group, whereas detecting a reduction in one-year graft loss from 12% to 9% would require 1,631 patients per group. HbA1c at 1 year is a robust, continuous marker of long-term graft function and may serve as a feasible, objective surrogate endpoint in future clinical trials, enabling smaller, more efficient study designs to evaluate interventions.
ISSN:1432-2277

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