Towards a definition of refractory/therapy-resistant/intractable constipation in children: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online survey

Background The Rome criteria define childhood functional constipation but do not address refractory constipation. Attempts to define refractory constipation lack consensus. The interchangeable use of ‘refractory’ and ‘intractable’ or ‘therapy-resistant’ constipation and lack of understanding of the...

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Main Authors: Marc A Benninga, Morris Gordon, Shaman Rajindrajith, Vassiliki Sinopoulou, Merit Tabbers, Carlos Velasco, Wathsala Hathagoda, Mansour Abdulshafea
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-12-01
Series:BMJ Paediatrics Open
Online Access:https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e003063.full
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author Marc A Benninga
Morris Gordon
Shaman Rajindrajith
Vassiliki Sinopoulou
Merit Tabbers
Carlos Velasco
Wathsala Hathagoda
Mansour Abdulshafea
author_facet Marc A Benninga
Morris Gordon
Shaman Rajindrajith
Vassiliki Sinopoulou
Merit Tabbers
Carlos Velasco
Wathsala Hathagoda
Mansour Abdulshafea
author_sort Marc A Benninga
collection DOAJ
description Background The Rome criteria define childhood functional constipation but do not address refractory constipation. Attempts to define refractory constipation lack consensus. The interchangeable use of ‘refractory’ and ‘intractable’ or ‘therapy-resistant’ constipation and lack of understanding of the therapeutic ceilings before this diagnosis complicates the definition.Aim To conduct an online cross-sectional study among medical professionals and researchers across a range of countries, to propose a consensus definition, terminology and duration of medically unresponsive constipation.Method An expert-designed questionnaire was disseminated via Google Forms in a two-stage study over 2 months targeting paediatric gastroenterology professionals globally and Latin American clinicians with a translated version. The questionnaire had seven critical questions containing details needed to define medically unresponsive constipation. The study protocol was approved by the ethics review panel.Results The survey involved 1079 participants: 87 from various countries in the first phase and 992 from Latin America in the second. There were 619 (57.3%) general paediatricians and 462 (43 %) paediatric gastroenterologists. The preferred term to indicate poorly responding constipation was ‘therapy-resistant constipation’ (47.8%), followed by ‘refractory constipation’ (43.6%). The majority of respondents (92.9%) agreed on considering a time frame for defining refractory constipation, with 37.7% suggesting 2–3 months. 467 (43.2%) recommended including failure despite maximum laxative therapy with two agents should be considered as previous therapy failure. Compliance with therapy was deemed essential for successful treatment by 91.1%, assessed through detailed history-taking (47.4%) or medical/pharmacy records (29.4%).Conclusion Based on the professional views collected in this study, we propose the term ‘therapy-resistant constipation’ and it can be defined as constipation that is not responding to a maximum dose of at least two laxatives of different classes for a minimum of 3 months with good compliance in a secondary or tertiary care facility.
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spelling doaj-art-f8d4fa1eb8c14f4787cb39d9f06a66712024-12-17T20:35:10ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Paediatrics Open2399-97722024-12-018110.1136/bmjpo-2024-003063Towards a definition of refractory/therapy-resistant/intractable constipation in children: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online surveyMarc A Benninga0Morris Gordon1Shaman Rajindrajith2Vassiliki Sinopoulou3Merit Tabbers4Carlos Velasco5Wathsala Hathagoda6Mansour Abdulshafea7Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Childrens` Hospital UMC, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBEST unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK2Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo, Sri LankaUniversity of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UKUniversity of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands1King’s College London, St Thomas Hospital, London, LND SE1 7EH, UKPediatrics, University of Colombo Faculty of Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka1 University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UKBackground The Rome criteria define childhood functional constipation but do not address refractory constipation. Attempts to define refractory constipation lack consensus. The interchangeable use of ‘refractory’ and ‘intractable’ or ‘therapy-resistant’ constipation and lack of understanding of the therapeutic ceilings before this diagnosis complicates the definition.Aim To conduct an online cross-sectional study among medical professionals and researchers across a range of countries, to propose a consensus definition, terminology and duration of medically unresponsive constipation.Method An expert-designed questionnaire was disseminated via Google Forms in a two-stage study over 2 months targeting paediatric gastroenterology professionals globally and Latin American clinicians with a translated version. The questionnaire had seven critical questions containing details needed to define medically unresponsive constipation. The study protocol was approved by the ethics review panel.Results The survey involved 1079 participants: 87 from various countries in the first phase and 992 from Latin America in the second. There were 619 (57.3%) general paediatricians and 462 (43 %) paediatric gastroenterologists. The preferred term to indicate poorly responding constipation was ‘therapy-resistant constipation’ (47.8%), followed by ‘refractory constipation’ (43.6%). The majority of respondents (92.9%) agreed on considering a time frame for defining refractory constipation, with 37.7% suggesting 2–3 months. 467 (43.2%) recommended including failure despite maximum laxative therapy with two agents should be considered as previous therapy failure. Compliance with therapy was deemed essential for successful treatment by 91.1%, assessed through detailed history-taking (47.4%) or medical/pharmacy records (29.4%).Conclusion Based on the professional views collected in this study, we propose the term ‘therapy-resistant constipation’ and it can be defined as constipation that is not responding to a maximum dose of at least two laxatives of different classes for a minimum of 3 months with good compliance in a secondary or tertiary care facility.https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e003063.full
spellingShingle Marc A Benninga
Morris Gordon
Shaman Rajindrajith
Vassiliki Sinopoulou
Merit Tabbers
Carlos Velasco
Wathsala Hathagoda
Mansour Abdulshafea
Towards a definition of refractory/therapy-resistant/intractable constipation in children: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online survey
BMJ Paediatrics Open
title Towards a definition of refractory/therapy-resistant/intractable constipation in children: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online survey
title_full Towards a definition of refractory/therapy-resistant/intractable constipation in children: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online survey
title_fullStr Towards a definition of refractory/therapy-resistant/intractable constipation in children: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online survey
title_full_unstemmed Towards a definition of refractory/therapy-resistant/intractable constipation in children: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online survey
title_short Towards a definition of refractory/therapy-resistant/intractable constipation in children: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, online survey
title_sort towards a definition of refractory therapy resistant intractable constipation in children a cross sectional questionnaire based online survey
url https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e003063.full
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