Effects of pain on the facial expressions of goat kids
Pain assessment is essential in laboratory and farm animals. Grimace scales have been used for this purpose since 2010. The aim of the present study was to investigate how pain (due to disease presence) affects the main facial expressions of goat kids. For this purpose, 60 goat kids aged 1 to 20 day...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied Animal Research |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09712119.2024.2343057 |
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| author | A. Argüello Marta González-Cabrera Antonio Morales-delaNuez Lorenzo Enrique Hernández-Castellano Sergio Martín Noemí Castro |
| author_facet | A. Argüello Marta González-Cabrera Antonio Morales-delaNuez Lorenzo Enrique Hernández-Castellano Sergio Martín Noemí Castro |
| author_sort | A. Argüello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pain assessment is essential in laboratory and farm animals. Grimace scales have been used for this purpose since 2010. The aim of the present study was to investigate how pain (due to disease presence) affects the main facial expressions of goat kids. For this purpose, 60 goat kids aged 1 to 20 days were included in the study. An experienced veterinarian graded the animals’ pain based on his experience (pain 0, 1, and 2), and two photographs (frontal and lateral) were taken. The following measurements were recorded: Height and width of the palpebral fissure, mouth angle, angles of the nose in profile and front. Pain level affected the height (0.83 and 1.29 cm, pain level 0 and 2 respectively, p < 0.001) and width of the palpebral fissure (1.85 and 2.35 cm, pain level 0 and 2 respectively, p < 0.001), which increased at pain level 2. Thus, narrowing of the eye was not observed when pain level increased. The angle of the mouth increased at pain level 2 (39.2 and 41.0 degrees, pain level 0 and 2 respectively, p = 0.013), and the frontal angle of the nose decreased at pain level 2 (93.5 and 85.0 degrees, pain level 0 and 2 respectively, p = 0.009). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f8c277f2c97a4eb9b0f6de49cf213de4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0971-2119 0974-1844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Applied Animal Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-f8c277f2c97a4eb9b0f6de49cf213de42024-12-23T17:55:42ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Applied Animal Research0971-21190974-18442024-12-0152110.1080/09712119.2024.2343057Effects of pain on the facial expressions of goat kidsA. Argüello0Marta González-Cabrera1Antonio Morales-delaNuez2Lorenzo Enrique Hernández-Castellano3Sergio Martín4Noemí Castro5IUSA-ONEHEALTH 4, Animal Production and Biotechnology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, SpainIUSA-ONEHEALTH 4, Animal Production and Biotechnology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, SpainIUSA-ONEHEALTH 4, Animal Production and Biotechnology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, SpainIUSA-ONEHEALTH 4, Animal Production and Biotechnology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, SpainIUSA-ONEHEALTH 4, Animal Production and Biotechnology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, SpainIUSA-ONEHEALTH 4, Animal Production and Biotechnology, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, SpainPain assessment is essential in laboratory and farm animals. Grimace scales have been used for this purpose since 2010. The aim of the present study was to investigate how pain (due to disease presence) affects the main facial expressions of goat kids. For this purpose, 60 goat kids aged 1 to 20 days were included in the study. An experienced veterinarian graded the animals’ pain based on his experience (pain 0, 1, and 2), and two photographs (frontal and lateral) were taken. The following measurements were recorded: Height and width of the palpebral fissure, mouth angle, angles of the nose in profile and front. Pain level affected the height (0.83 and 1.29 cm, pain level 0 and 2 respectively, p < 0.001) and width of the palpebral fissure (1.85 and 2.35 cm, pain level 0 and 2 respectively, p < 0.001), which increased at pain level 2. Thus, narrowing of the eye was not observed when pain level increased. The angle of the mouth increased at pain level 2 (39.2 and 41.0 degrees, pain level 0 and 2 respectively, p = 0.013), and the frontal angle of the nose decreased at pain level 2 (93.5 and 85.0 degrees, pain level 0 and 2 respectively, p = 0.009).https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09712119.2024.2343057Pain evaluationgoat kidsgrimacefacial |
| spellingShingle | A. Argüello Marta González-Cabrera Antonio Morales-delaNuez Lorenzo Enrique Hernández-Castellano Sergio Martín Noemí Castro Effects of pain on the facial expressions of goat kids Journal of Applied Animal Research Pain evaluation goat kids grimace facial |
| title | Effects of pain on the facial expressions of goat kids |
| title_full | Effects of pain on the facial expressions of goat kids |
| title_fullStr | Effects of pain on the facial expressions of goat kids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of pain on the facial expressions of goat kids |
| title_short | Effects of pain on the facial expressions of goat kids |
| title_sort | effects of pain on the facial expressions of goat kids |
| topic | Pain evaluation goat kids grimace facial |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09712119.2024.2343057 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aarguello effectsofpainonthefacialexpressionsofgoatkids AT martagonzalezcabrera effectsofpainonthefacialexpressionsofgoatkids AT antoniomoralesdelanuez effectsofpainonthefacialexpressionsofgoatkids AT lorenzoenriquehernandezcastellano effectsofpainonthefacialexpressionsofgoatkids AT sergiomartin effectsofpainonthefacialexpressionsofgoatkids AT noemicastro effectsofpainonthefacialexpressionsofgoatkids |