Thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperature
Formation of hard scale, predominantly calcium sulfate, is the limiting factor in the operation of multi-stage flash (MSF) thermal desalination of seawater, restricting the top temperature and top brine concentration that can be achieved. More accurate prediction of the solubility product of calcium...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424004821 |
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| author | Ali Al-Hamzah Caillan J. Fellows Christopher M. Fellows |
| author_facet | Ali Al-Hamzah Caillan J. Fellows Christopher M. Fellows |
| author_sort | Ali Al-Hamzah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Formation of hard scale, predominantly calcium sulfate, is the limiting factor in the operation of multi-stage flash (MSF) thermal desalination of seawater, restricting the top temperature and top brine concentration that can be achieved. More accurate prediction of the solubility product of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, the scaling species formed initially above 100 °C, under conditions found in MSF plants, would allow better control of MSF operations. In this report literature data for calcium sulfate solubility is analysed and the Pitzer model applied to determine solubility product values at temperatures up to 148 °C and total dissolved solids concentration up to 99 g/L (equivalent to a concentration factor for Arabian Gulf seawater of 2.2). From these an analytical expression is determined for predicting the supersaturation index (SI) under these conditions to simplify the task of MSF plant operators, SI = 61.5891–0.4783 ln(TDS) + 0.3223 (ln(TDS))2–31.7890 ln(T) + 3.7977 (ln(T))2 |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f81fec54495449d3bc1b17642668cd6e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-0164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-f81fec54495449d3bc1b17642668cd6e2025-01-11T06:41:58ZengElsevierCase Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering2666-01642025-06-0111101088Thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperatureAli Al-Hamzah0Caillan J. Fellows1Christopher M. Fellows2Water Technologies Innovation Institute and Research Advancement, Saudi Water Authority, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; School of Science and Technology, The University of New England, NSW, 2351, AustraliaSchool of Economics, Business and Law, The University of New England, NSW, 2351, AustraliaWater Technologies Innovation Institute and Research Advancement, Saudi Water Authority, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; School of Science and Technology, The University of New England, NSW, 2351, AustraliaFormation of hard scale, predominantly calcium sulfate, is the limiting factor in the operation of multi-stage flash (MSF) thermal desalination of seawater, restricting the top temperature and top brine concentration that can be achieved. More accurate prediction of the solubility product of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, the scaling species formed initially above 100 °C, under conditions found in MSF plants, would allow better control of MSF operations. In this report literature data for calcium sulfate solubility is analysed and the Pitzer model applied to determine solubility product values at temperatures up to 148 °C and total dissolved solids concentration up to 99 g/L (equivalent to a concentration factor for Arabian Gulf seawater of 2.2). From these an analytical expression is determined for predicting the supersaturation index (SI) under these conditions to simplify the task of MSF plant operators, SI = 61.5891–0.4783 ln(TDS) + 0.3223 (ln(TDS))2–31.7890 ln(T) + 3.7977 (ln(T))2http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424004821Hard scaleCalcium sulfate hemihydrateMulti-stage flash desalinatioGibbs free energySolubility productPitzer model |
| spellingShingle | Ali Al-Hamzah Caillan J. Fellows Christopher M. Fellows Thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperature Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Hard scale Calcium sulfate hemihydrate Multi-stage flash desalinatio Gibbs free energy Solubility product Pitzer model |
| title | Thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperature |
| title_full | Thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperature |
| title_fullStr | Thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperature |
| title_short | Thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperature |
| title_sort | thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperature |
| topic | Hard scale Calcium sulfate hemihydrate Multi-stage flash desalinatio Gibbs free energy Solubility product Pitzer model |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016424004821 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alialhamzah thermodynamicmodelingofcalciumsulfatehemihydrateformedfromseawaterandconcentratedbrineatelevatedtemperature AT caillanjfellows thermodynamicmodelingofcalciumsulfatehemihydrateformedfromseawaterandconcentratedbrineatelevatedtemperature AT christophermfellows thermodynamicmodelingofcalciumsulfatehemihydrateformedfromseawaterandconcentratedbrineatelevatedtemperature |