Modeling the dynamics of monkeypox epidemic via classical and fractional derivatives

Abstract In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed with classical and fractional derivatives to simulate the virus spread that causes Monkey pox disease among rodents and human populations. The model is expressed as a nonlinear system of differential equations by considering the total populati...

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Main Authors: Shakeel Ahmed, Saif Ullah, Faiza tul Rasool
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00827-9
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author Shakeel Ahmed
Saif Ullah
Faiza tul Rasool
author_facet Shakeel Ahmed
Saif Ullah
Faiza tul Rasool
author_sort Shakeel Ahmed
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed with classical and fractional derivatives to simulate the virus spread that causes Monkey pox disease among rodents and human populations. The model is expressed as a nonlinear system of differential equations by considering the total population as ten compartments. For the current epidemic system, the reproduction number, $$\:\:{R}_{0}$$ , is determined using the next-generation matrix technique. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis of the model includes two equilibria, namely endemic and disease-free, which we established using conventional methods and a corresponding stability analysis is performed. The sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most effective parameters in disease transmission. A parameter fitting method is used to evaluate the model predictions. The observed and predicted cases were found to be in good agreement with minimum error margins. The disease transmission can be controlled by reducing contacts among humans and by limiting growth of rodents. Finally, numerical simulations are presented by utilizing the powerful platform of MATLAB which gives more insight to the system behavior.
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institution Kabale University
issn 3005-0774
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Discover Public Health
spelling doaj-art-f7f6674dba594758966072a99c26b3f52025-08-20T03:45:45ZengSpringerDiscover Public Health3005-07742025-07-0122112110.1186/s12982-025-00827-9Modeling the dynamics of monkeypox epidemic via classical and fractional derivativesShakeel Ahmed0Saif Ullah1Faiza tul Rasool2Department of Mathematics, Government College UniversityDepartment of Mathematics, Government College UniversityDepartment of Mathematics, University of SialkotAbstract In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed with classical and fractional derivatives to simulate the virus spread that causes Monkey pox disease among rodents and human populations. The model is expressed as a nonlinear system of differential equations by considering the total population as ten compartments. For the current epidemic system, the reproduction number, $$\:\:{R}_{0}$$ , is determined using the next-generation matrix technique. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis of the model includes two equilibria, namely endemic and disease-free, which we established using conventional methods and a corresponding stability analysis is performed. The sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most effective parameters in disease transmission. A parameter fitting method is used to evaluate the model predictions. The observed and predicted cases were found to be in good agreement with minimum error margins. The disease transmission can be controlled by reducing contacts among humans and by limiting growth of rodents. Finally, numerical simulations are presented by utilizing the powerful platform of MATLAB which gives more insight to the system behavior.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00827-9Fractional derivativeMathematical modelingMonkey poxNumerical simulationStability
spellingShingle Shakeel Ahmed
Saif Ullah
Faiza tul Rasool
Modeling the dynamics of monkeypox epidemic via classical and fractional derivatives
Discover Public Health
Fractional derivative
Mathematical modeling
Monkey pox
Numerical simulation
Stability
title Modeling the dynamics of monkeypox epidemic via classical and fractional derivatives
title_full Modeling the dynamics of monkeypox epidemic via classical and fractional derivatives
title_fullStr Modeling the dynamics of monkeypox epidemic via classical and fractional derivatives
title_full_unstemmed Modeling the dynamics of monkeypox epidemic via classical and fractional derivatives
title_short Modeling the dynamics of monkeypox epidemic via classical and fractional derivatives
title_sort modeling the dynamics of monkeypox epidemic via classical and fractional derivatives
topic Fractional derivative
Mathematical modeling
Monkey pox
Numerical simulation
Stability
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00827-9
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AT faizatulrasool modelingthedynamicsofmonkeypoxepidemicviaclassicalandfractionalderivatives