Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Methane Emissions from Rice Production Systems in Southern India
The impact of climate change on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from rice production systems in the Coimbatore region (Tamil Nadu, India) was studied by leveraging field experiments across two main treatments and four sub-treatments in a split-plot design. Utilizing the closed-chamber...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Boomiraj Kovilpillai Gayathri Jawahar Jothi Diogenes L. Antille Prabu P. Chidambaram Senani Karunaratne Arti Bhatia Mohan Kumar Shanmugam Musie Rose Senthilraja Kandasamy Selvakumar Selvaraj Mohammed Mainuddin Guruanand Chandrasekeran Sangeetha Piriya Ramasamy Geethalakshmi Vellingiri |
| author_facet | Boomiraj Kovilpillai Gayathri Jawahar Jothi Diogenes L. Antille Prabu P. Chidambaram Senani Karunaratne Arti Bhatia Mohan Kumar Shanmugam Musie Rose Senthilraja Kandasamy Selvakumar Selvaraj Mohammed Mainuddin Guruanand Chandrasekeran Sangeetha Piriya Ramasamy Geethalakshmi Vellingiri |
| author_sort | Boomiraj Kovilpillai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The impact of climate change on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from rice production systems in the Coimbatore region (Tamil Nadu, India) was studied by leveraging field experiments across two main treatments and four sub-treatments in a split-plot design. Utilizing the closed-chamber method for gas collection and gas chromatography analysis, this study identified significant differences in CH<sub>4</sub> emissions between conventional cultivation methods and the system of rice intensification (henceforth SRI). Over two growing seasons, conventional cultivation methods reported higher CH<sub>4</sub> emissions (range: from 36.9 to 59.3 kg CH<sub>4</sub> ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup>) compared with SRI (range: from 2.2 to 12.8 kg CH<sub>4</sub> ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup>). Experimental data were subsequently used to guide parametrization and validation of the DeNitrification–DeComposition (DNDC) model. The validation of the model showed good agreement between the measured and modeled data, as denoted by the statistical tests performed, which included CRM (0.09), D-index (0.99), RMSE (7.16), EF (0.96), and R<sup>2</sup> (0.92). The validated model was then used to develop future CH<sub>4</sub> emissions projections under various shared socio-economic pathways (henceforth SSPs) for the mid- (2021–2050) and late (2051–2080) century. The analysis revealed a potential increase in CH<sub>4</sub> emissions for the simulated scenarios, which was dependent on specific soil and irrigation management practices. Conventional cultivation produced the highest CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, but it was shown that they could be reduced if the current practice was replaced by minimal flooding or through irrigation with alternating wetting and drying cycles. Emissions were predicted to rise until SSP 370, with a marginal increase in SSP 585 thereafter. The findings of this work underscored an urgency to develop climate-smart location-specific mitigation strategies focused on simultaneously improving current water and nutrient management practices. The use of methanotrophs to reduce CH<sub>4</sub> production from rice systems should be considered in future work. This research also highlighted the critical interaction that exists between agricultural practices and climate change, and emphasized the need to implement adaptive crop management strategies that can sustain productivity and mitigate the environmental impacts of rice-based systems in southern India. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-f790048e1d1e40f7b48b70778da1a45f2024-11-26T17:50:09ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332024-10-011511127010.3390/atmos15111270Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Methane Emissions from Rice Production Systems in Southern IndiaBoomiraj Kovilpillai0Gayathri Jawahar Jothi1Diogenes L. Antille2Prabu P. Chidambaram3Senani Karunaratne4Arti Bhatia5Mohan Kumar Shanmugam6Musie Rose7Senthilraja Kandasamy8Selvakumar Selvaraj9Mohammed Mainuddin10Guruanand Chandrasekeran11Sangeetha Piriya Ramasamy12Geethalakshmi Vellingiri13Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, IndiaICAR, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaCSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, AustraliaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, IndiaCSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, AustraliaICAR, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, IndiaCSIRO Environment, Canberra, ACT 2601, AustraliaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, IndiaThe impact of climate change on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from rice production systems in the Coimbatore region (Tamil Nadu, India) was studied by leveraging field experiments across two main treatments and four sub-treatments in a split-plot design. Utilizing the closed-chamber method for gas collection and gas chromatography analysis, this study identified significant differences in CH<sub>4</sub> emissions between conventional cultivation methods and the system of rice intensification (henceforth SRI). Over two growing seasons, conventional cultivation methods reported higher CH<sub>4</sub> emissions (range: from 36.9 to 59.3 kg CH<sub>4</sub> ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup>) compared with SRI (range: from 2.2 to 12.8 kg CH<sub>4</sub> ha<sup>−1</sup> season<sup>−1</sup>). Experimental data were subsequently used to guide parametrization and validation of the DeNitrification–DeComposition (DNDC) model. The validation of the model showed good agreement between the measured and modeled data, as denoted by the statistical tests performed, which included CRM (0.09), D-index (0.99), RMSE (7.16), EF (0.96), and R<sup>2</sup> (0.92). The validated model was then used to develop future CH<sub>4</sub> emissions projections under various shared socio-economic pathways (henceforth SSPs) for the mid- (2021–2050) and late (2051–2080) century. The analysis revealed a potential increase in CH<sub>4</sub> emissions for the simulated scenarios, which was dependent on specific soil and irrigation management practices. Conventional cultivation produced the highest CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, but it was shown that they could be reduced if the current practice was replaced by minimal flooding or through irrigation with alternating wetting and drying cycles. Emissions were predicted to rise until SSP 370, with a marginal increase in SSP 585 thereafter. The findings of this work underscored an urgency to develop climate-smart location-specific mitigation strategies focused on simultaneously improving current water and nutrient management practices. The use of methanotrophs to reduce CH<sub>4</sub> production from rice systems should be considered in future work. This research also highlighted the critical interaction that exists between agricultural practices and climate change, and emphasized the need to implement adaptive crop management strategies that can sustain productivity and mitigate the environmental impacts of rice-based systems in southern India.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/11/1270climate-smart agricultureDeNitrification–DeComposition (DNDC) modelirrigation managementpaddy systemsshared socio-economic pathwayssystem of rice intensification |
| spellingShingle | Boomiraj Kovilpillai Gayathri Jawahar Jothi Diogenes L. Antille Prabu P. Chidambaram Senani Karunaratne Arti Bhatia Mohan Kumar Shanmugam Musie Rose Senthilraja Kandasamy Selvakumar Selvaraj Mohammed Mainuddin Guruanand Chandrasekeran Sangeetha Piriya Ramasamy Geethalakshmi Vellingiri Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Methane Emissions from Rice Production Systems in Southern India Atmosphere climate-smart agriculture DeNitrification–DeComposition (DNDC) model irrigation management paddy systems shared socio-economic pathways system of rice intensification |
| title | Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Methane Emissions from Rice Production Systems in Southern India |
| title_full | Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Methane Emissions from Rice Production Systems in Southern India |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Methane Emissions from Rice Production Systems in Southern India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Methane Emissions from Rice Production Systems in Southern India |
| title_short | Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Methane Emissions from Rice Production Systems in Southern India |
| title_sort | assessing the impact of climate change on methane emissions from rice production systems in southern india |
| topic | climate-smart agriculture DeNitrification–DeComposition (DNDC) model irrigation management paddy systems shared socio-economic pathways system of rice intensification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/15/11/1270 |
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