Improvement of Monacolin K and Pigment Production in <i>Monascus</i> by 5-Azacytidine

<i>Monascus</i> species are known to produce various secondary metabolites with polyketide structures, including Monacolins, pigments, and citrinin. This study investigates the effects of 5-azacytidine on <i>Monascus</i> M1 and RP2. The dry weight, red, yellow, and orange pig...

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Main Authors: Chan Zhang, Haijiao Wang, Qing Sun, Arzugul Ablimit, Huijun Dong, Congcong Wang, Duchen Zhai, Bobo Zhang, Wenlin Hu, Chengjian Liu, Chengtao Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Fungi
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/12/819
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author Chan Zhang
Haijiao Wang
Qing Sun
Arzugul Ablimit
Huijun Dong
Congcong Wang
Duchen Zhai
Bobo Zhang
Wenlin Hu
Chengjian Liu
Chengtao Wang
author_facet Chan Zhang
Haijiao Wang
Qing Sun
Arzugul Ablimit
Huijun Dong
Congcong Wang
Duchen Zhai
Bobo Zhang
Wenlin Hu
Chengjian Liu
Chengtao Wang
author_sort Chan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description <i>Monascus</i> species are known to produce various secondary metabolites with polyketide structures, including Monacolins, pigments, and citrinin. This study investigates the effects of 5-azacytidine on <i>Monascus</i> M1 and RP2. The dry weight, red, yellow, and orange pigment values, and Monacolin K yield of both <i>Monascus</i> strains were measured, and their hyphae observed through electron microscopy. The experimental group showed higher dry weights and pigment values than the control group for both strains. However, Monacolin K production increased substantially only for <i>Monascus</i> M1. Electron micrographs revealed surface wrinkles and large protrusions in both strains after 5-azacytidine treatment. As a potent DNA methylation-promoting agent, 5-azacytidine is very useful for epigenetic and cancer biology studies and for studying secondary metabolism in fungi.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2309-608X
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Fungi
spelling doaj-art-f75d902e64b744bfadec2062ff7f98ff2024-12-27T14:33:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2024-11-01101281910.3390/jof10120819Improvement of Monacolin K and Pigment Production in <i>Monascus</i> by 5-AzacytidineChan Zhang0Haijiao Wang1Qing Sun2Arzugul Ablimit3Huijun Dong4Congcong Wang5Duchen Zhai6Bobo Zhang7Wenlin Hu8Chengjian Liu9Chengtao Wang10School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaSchool of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaSchool of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaSchool of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaSchool of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaSchool of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaSchool of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, ChinaSchool of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, ChinaGuangdong Tianyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang 524000, ChinaShandong Fanhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan 271100, ChinaSchool of Food and Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China<i>Monascus</i> species are known to produce various secondary metabolites with polyketide structures, including Monacolins, pigments, and citrinin. This study investigates the effects of 5-azacytidine on <i>Monascus</i> M1 and RP2. The dry weight, red, yellow, and orange pigment values, and Monacolin K yield of both <i>Monascus</i> strains were measured, and their hyphae observed through electron microscopy. The experimental group showed higher dry weights and pigment values than the control group for both strains. However, Monacolin K production increased substantially only for <i>Monascus</i> M1. Electron micrographs revealed surface wrinkles and large protrusions in both strains after 5-azacytidine treatment. As a potent DNA methylation-promoting agent, 5-azacytidine is very useful for epigenetic and cancer biology studies and for studying secondary metabolism in fungi.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/12/819<i>Monascus</i>5-azacytidinepigmentsMonacolin KHPLC
spellingShingle Chan Zhang
Haijiao Wang
Qing Sun
Arzugul Ablimit
Huijun Dong
Congcong Wang
Duchen Zhai
Bobo Zhang
Wenlin Hu
Chengjian Liu
Chengtao Wang
Improvement of Monacolin K and Pigment Production in <i>Monascus</i> by 5-Azacytidine
Journal of Fungi
<i>Monascus</i>
5-azacytidine
pigments
Monacolin K
HPLC
title Improvement of Monacolin K and Pigment Production in <i>Monascus</i> by 5-Azacytidine
title_full Improvement of Monacolin K and Pigment Production in <i>Monascus</i> by 5-Azacytidine
title_fullStr Improvement of Monacolin K and Pigment Production in <i>Monascus</i> by 5-Azacytidine
title_full_unstemmed Improvement of Monacolin K and Pigment Production in <i>Monascus</i> by 5-Azacytidine
title_short Improvement of Monacolin K and Pigment Production in <i>Monascus</i> by 5-Azacytidine
title_sort improvement of monacolin k and pigment production in i monascus i by 5 azacytidine
topic <i>Monascus</i>
5-azacytidine
pigments
Monacolin K
HPLC
url https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/10/12/819
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