Genetic variation in individuals from a population of the minimalist bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj driving evolution of the virus

ABSTRACT In a survey of a waterway on Wurundjeri land, two sub-populations of the bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj (phage MMNM) were isolated on a permissive host, Klebsiella B5055 of capsule-type K2, but were distinguished by minor phenotypic differences. The variant phage MMNM(Ala13...

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Main Authors: Tze Y. Thung, Alex Hall, Afif P. Jati, Murray E. White, Rebecca S. Bamert, Kher Shing Tan, Cara Press, George Taiaroa, Francesca L. Short, Rhys A. Dunstan, Trevor Lithgow
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Microbiology 2024-12-01
Series:mBio
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Online Access:https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02564-24
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author Tze Y. Thung
Alex Hall
Afif P. Jati
Murray E. White
Rebecca S. Bamert
Kher Shing Tan
Cara Press
George Taiaroa
Francesca L. Short
Rhys A. Dunstan
Trevor Lithgow
author_facet Tze Y. Thung
Alex Hall
Afif P. Jati
Murray E. White
Rebecca S. Bamert
Kher Shing Tan
Cara Press
George Taiaroa
Francesca L. Short
Rhys A. Dunstan
Trevor Lithgow
author_sort Tze Y. Thung
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT In a survey of a waterway on Wurundjeri land, two sub-populations of the bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj (phage MMNM) were isolated on a permissive host, Klebsiella B5055 of capsule-type K2, but were distinguished by minor phenotypic differences. The variant phage MMNM(Ala134) showed an inhibited activity against Klebsiella AJ174-2, and this was used as a basis to select for further variation through experimental evolution. Over the course of an evolution experiment, 20 phages that evolved distinct phenotypes in terms of the morphologies of plaques formed when they infected host Klebsiella were subject to whole-genome sequencing. The evolved phages had mutations in a small set of proteins that contribute to the baseplate portion of the phage virion. Phages MMNM and MMNM(Ala134) are minimalist phages, with baseplates formed from only five predicted subunits, akin to other minimalist phages Pam3 and XM1. The homology between all three minimalist phages provided a structural framework to interpret the two classes of mutations derived through evolution in the presence of the semi-permissive host: those that affect the interfacial surfaces between baseplate subunits, and those in a base-plate associated tail-fiber. This study evidences that multiple small mutations can be fixed into a sub-population of phage to provide a basis for phenotypic variation that we suggest could ultimately provide for a shift of virus properties, as an alternative evolutionary scenario to the major genetic events that result in more well-studied evolutionary mechanism of phage mosaicism.IMPORTANCEBacteriophages (phages) are viruses that prey on bacteria. This study sampled natural phage populations to test the hypothesis that untapped genetic variation within a population can be the basis for the selection of phages to diversify their host-range. Sampling of a freshwater site revealed two populations of the phage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj (phage MMNM), differing by a variant residue (Val134Ala) in the baseplate protein MMNM_26. This sequence variation modulated bacterial killing in plaques, and further evolution of the phages on a semi-permissive bacterial host led to a new generation of phages with more diverse phenotypes in killing the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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spelling doaj-art-f74f0e64a3ee4855a1bdd33a09d86f812024-12-11T14:02:30ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymBio2150-75112024-12-01151210.1128/mbio.02564-24Genetic variation in individuals from a population of the minimalist bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj driving evolution of the virusTze Y. Thung0Alex Hall1Afif P. Jati2Murray E. White3Rebecca S. Bamert4Kher Shing Tan5Cara Press6George Taiaroa7Francesca L. Short8Rhys A. Dunstan9Trevor Lithgow10Center to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, AustraliaCenter to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, AustraliaCenter to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, AustraliaCenter to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, AustraliaCenter to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, AustraliaCenter to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, AustraliaCenter to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, AustraliaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, AustraliaCenter to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, AustraliaCenter to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, AustraliaCenter to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, AustraliaABSTRACT In a survey of a waterway on Wurundjeri land, two sub-populations of the bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj (phage MMNM) were isolated on a permissive host, Klebsiella B5055 of capsule-type K2, but were distinguished by minor phenotypic differences. The variant phage MMNM(Ala134) showed an inhibited activity against Klebsiella AJ174-2, and this was used as a basis to select for further variation through experimental evolution. Over the course of an evolution experiment, 20 phages that evolved distinct phenotypes in terms of the morphologies of plaques formed when they infected host Klebsiella were subject to whole-genome sequencing. The evolved phages had mutations in a small set of proteins that contribute to the baseplate portion of the phage virion. Phages MMNM and MMNM(Ala134) are minimalist phages, with baseplates formed from only five predicted subunits, akin to other minimalist phages Pam3 and XM1. The homology between all three minimalist phages provided a structural framework to interpret the two classes of mutations derived through evolution in the presence of the semi-permissive host: those that affect the interfacial surfaces between baseplate subunits, and those in a base-plate associated tail-fiber. This study evidences that multiple small mutations can be fixed into a sub-population of phage to provide a basis for phenotypic variation that we suggest could ultimately provide for a shift of virus properties, as an alternative evolutionary scenario to the major genetic events that result in more well-studied evolutionary mechanism of phage mosaicism.IMPORTANCEBacteriophages (phages) are viruses that prey on bacteria. This study sampled natural phage populations to test the hypothesis that untapped genetic variation within a population can be the basis for the selection of phages to diversify their host-range. Sampling of a freshwater site revealed two populations of the phage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj (phage MMNM), differing by a variant residue (Val134Ala) in the baseplate protein MMNM_26. This sequence variation modulated bacterial killing in plaques, and further evolution of the phages on a semi-permissive bacterial host led to a new generation of phages with more diverse phenotypes in killing the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02564-24Klebsiellaphage receptordepolymerasephage baseplatecommunity moduleethical bioprospecting
spellingShingle Tze Y. Thung
Alex Hall
Afif P. Jati
Murray E. White
Rebecca S. Bamert
Kher Shing Tan
Cara Press
George Taiaroa
Francesca L. Short
Rhys A. Dunstan
Trevor Lithgow
Genetic variation in individuals from a population of the minimalist bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj driving evolution of the virus
mBio
Klebsiella
phage receptor
depolymerase
phage baseplate
community module
ethical bioprospecting
title Genetic variation in individuals from a population of the minimalist bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj driving evolution of the virus
title_full Genetic variation in individuals from a population of the minimalist bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj driving evolution of the virus
title_fullStr Genetic variation in individuals from a population of the minimalist bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj driving evolution of the virus
title_full_unstemmed Genetic variation in individuals from a population of the minimalist bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj driving evolution of the virus
title_short Genetic variation in individuals from a population of the minimalist bacteriophage Merri-merri-uth nyilam marra-natj driving evolution of the virus
title_sort genetic variation in individuals from a population of the minimalist bacteriophage merri merri uth nyilam marra natj driving evolution of the virus
topic Klebsiella
phage receptor
depolymerase
phage baseplate
community module
ethical bioprospecting
url https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02564-24
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