Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population
Background: Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal remains is crucial for forensic identification and archaeological studies. This study develops and validates sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population. Materials and methods: The study examined 600 uln...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Translational Research in Anatomy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2500024X |
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| author | Phongpitak Putiwat Kaemisa Srisen Phetcharat Phetnui Juthamas Kamwong Suthat Duangchit Supatcharee Arun Sitthichai Iamsaard Worrawit Boonthai Chanasorn Poodendaen |
| author_facet | Phongpitak Putiwat Kaemisa Srisen Phetcharat Phetnui Juthamas Kamwong Suthat Duangchit Supatcharee Arun Sitthichai Iamsaard Worrawit Boonthai Chanasorn Poodendaen |
| author_sort | Phongpitak Putiwat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal remains is crucial for forensic identification and archaeological studies. This study develops and validates sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population. Materials and methods: The study examined 600 ulnae (300 male, 300 female) from the Khon Kaen University skeletal collection, using 400 for equation development and 200 for independent validation. Maximum length, midshaft circumference, weight, and the weight-to-length ratio were assessed. Results: Significant differences between sexes were found across all variables. Weight demonstrated the highest single-variable accuracy (88.50 %), while combining circumference and weight achieved 90.80 % accuracy. Validation confirmed equation stability, with no significant difference between the training and validation groups (90.75 % vs. 90.50 %, p = 0.77). The equations showed excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.959), high specificity for female identification (95.00 %), and good sensitivity for male identification (86.00 %). The positive likelihood ratio of 17.20 further confirmed the robustness of the method. Conclusion: This research contributes to forensic anthropology by validating accurate sex estimation methods for the northeastern Thai population while demonstrating the effectiveness of bone weight as a sex determination variable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f686b55c84d2474bac6b18dec8c433ba |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-854X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Research in Anatomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-f686b55c84d2474bac6b18dec8c433ba2025-08-21T04:16:51ZengElsevierTranslational Research in Anatomy2214-854X2025-09-014010040510.1016/j.tria.2025.100405Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai populationPhongpitak Putiwat0Kaemisa Srisen1Phetcharat Phetnui2Juthamas Kamwong3Suthat Duangchit4Supatcharee Arun5Sitthichai Iamsaard6Worrawit Boonthai7Chanasorn Poodendaen8Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, ThailandDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, ThailandDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, ThailandDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, ThailandDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, ThailandDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, ThailandDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, ThailandDepartment of Anthropology, Faculty of Sociology and Anthropology, Thammasat University, Thailand; Thammasat University Research unit in Physical Anthropology and Health Science, Thammasat University, ThailandDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Thailand; Corresponding author. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.Background: Sexual dimorphism in human skeletal remains is crucial for forensic identification and archaeological studies. This study develops and validates sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population. Materials and methods: The study examined 600 ulnae (300 male, 300 female) from the Khon Kaen University skeletal collection, using 400 for equation development and 200 for independent validation. Maximum length, midshaft circumference, weight, and the weight-to-length ratio were assessed. Results: Significant differences between sexes were found across all variables. Weight demonstrated the highest single-variable accuracy (88.50 %), while combining circumference and weight achieved 90.80 % accuracy. Validation confirmed equation stability, with no significant difference between the training and validation groups (90.75 % vs. 90.50 %, p = 0.77). The equations showed excellent discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.959), high specificity for female identification (95.00 %), and good sensitivity for male identification (86.00 %). The positive likelihood ratio of 17.20 further confirmed the robustness of the method. Conclusion: This research contributes to forensic anthropology by validating accurate sex estimation methods for the northeastern Thai population while demonstrating the effectiveness of bone weight as a sex determination variable.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2500024XSex estimationValidationUlnaNortheastern Thai populationForensic anthropology |
| spellingShingle | Phongpitak Putiwat Kaemisa Srisen Phetcharat Phetnui Juthamas Kamwong Suthat Duangchit Supatcharee Arun Sitthichai Iamsaard Worrawit Boonthai Chanasorn Poodendaen Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population Translational Research in Anatomy Sex estimation Validation Ulna Northeastern Thai population Forensic anthropology |
| title | Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population |
| title_full | Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population |
| title_fullStr | Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population |
| title_short | Independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern Thai population |
| title_sort | independent validation of sex estimation equations using ulnar dimensions and weight in a northeastern thai population |
| topic | Sex estimation Validation Ulna Northeastern Thai population Forensic anthropology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2500024X |
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