Different Selection Levels of Mitogenomes: New Insights into Species Differentiation of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) Complex (Branchiopoda: Notostraca)

Lineages of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) complex, originally endemic to the Americas, have been able to successfully colonize extreme environments such as temporary aquatic systems through shifts in their reproductive modes. To gain insights into their stress adaptatio...

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Main Authors: Xiaoyan Sun, Takeshi Kozai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Diversity
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/12/715
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author Xiaoyan Sun
Takeshi Kozai
author_facet Xiaoyan Sun
Takeshi Kozai
author_sort Xiaoyan Sun
collection DOAJ
description Lineages of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) complex, originally endemic to the Americas, have been able to successfully colonize extreme environments such as temporary aquatic systems through shifts in their reproductive modes. To gain insights into their stress adaptations and species differentiation, we explored the genetic diversity of populations of the <i>T. longicaudatus</i> complex and constructed their haplotype networks. Using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, we analyzed the complete mitogenome sequences of seven <i>Triops</i> species to infer their phylogenetic relationships. To identify the possible role of mtDNA evolution in stress adaptation, the evolutionary rates and molecular signatures of natural selection for all 13 PCGs were investigated using multiple approaches of selection tests. The results showed that signals of relaxed purifying selection and positive selection were found in specific genes of complexes I, IV, and V, indicating that mitogenomes in the <i>T. longicaudatus</i> complex have undergone adaptive evolution. Different patterns of selection in the mitochondrial genes between the hermaphroditic and gonochoric branches imply that functional constraints have played a significant role in the evolution of <i>T. longicaudatus</i> complex mitogenomes, which was essential for survival in extreme environments.
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spelling doaj-art-f5d0a59de52a4f219724171c6517a5be2024-12-27T14:21:26ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182024-11-01161271510.3390/d16120715Different Selection Levels of Mitogenomes: New Insights into Species Differentiation of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) Complex (Branchiopoda: Notostraca)Xiaoyan Sun0Takeshi Kozai1Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Petroleum Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaInternational Cooperation Center for the Teacher Education and Training, Naruto University of Education, Naruto 7728502, JapanLineages of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) complex, originally endemic to the Americas, have been able to successfully colonize extreme environments such as temporary aquatic systems through shifts in their reproductive modes. To gain insights into their stress adaptations and species differentiation, we explored the genetic diversity of populations of the <i>T. longicaudatus</i> complex and constructed their haplotype networks. Using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, we analyzed the complete mitogenome sequences of seven <i>Triops</i> species to infer their phylogenetic relationships. To identify the possible role of mtDNA evolution in stress adaptation, the evolutionary rates and molecular signatures of natural selection for all 13 PCGs were investigated using multiple approaches of selection tests. The results showed that signals of relaxed purifying selection and positive selection were found in specific genes of complexes I, IV, and V, indicating that mitogenomes in the <i>T. longicaudatus</i> complex have undergone adaptive evolution. Different patterns of selection in the mitochondrial genes between the hermaphroditic and gonochoric branches imply that functional constraints have played a significant role in the evolution of <i>T. longicaudatus</i> complex mitogenomes, which was essential for survival in extreme environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/12/715mitochondrial genomephylogenyreproductive modepurifying selectionpositive selection
spellingShingle Xiaoyan Sun
Takeshi Kozai
Different Selection Levels of Mitogenomes: New Insights into Species Differentiation of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) Complex (Branchiopoda: Notostraca)
Diversity
mitochondrial genome
phylogeny
reproductive mode
purifying selection
positive selection
title Different Selection Levels of Mitogenomes: New Insights into Species Differentiation of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) Complex (Branchiopoda: Notostraca)
title_full Different Selection Levels of Mitogenomes: New Insights into Species Differentiation of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) Complex (Branchiopoda: Notostraca)
title_fullStr Different Selection Levels of Mitogenomes: New Insights into Species Differentiation of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) Complex (Branchiopoda: Notostraca)
title_full_unstemmed Different Selection Levels of Mitogenomes: New Insights into Species Differentiation of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) Complex (Branchiopoda: Notostraca)
title_short Different Selection Levels of Mitogenomes: New Insights into Species Differentiation of the <i>Triops longicaudatus</i> (LeConte, 1846) Complex (Branchiopoda: Notostraca)
title_sort different selection levels of mitogenomes new insights into species differentiation of the i triops longicaudatus i leconte 1846 complex branchiopoda notostraca
topic mitochondrial genome
phylogeny
reproductive mode
purifying selection
positive selection
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/12/715
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