Bioactive Molecules from the Exoskeleton of <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>: Reducing Capacity, Radical Scavenger, and Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
This study evaluates, for the first time, the reducing capacity, radical scavenger activity, and <i>in vitro</i> antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of chitosan, astaxanthin, and bio-phenols extracted from the exoskeleton of Sicilian <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>, the most w...
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2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1635 |
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| author | Francesco Longo Francesca Di Gaudio Alessandro Attanzio Laura Marretta Claudio Luparello Serena Indelicato David Bongiorno Giampaolo Barone Luisa Tesoriere Ilenia Concetta Giardina Giulia Abruscato Manuela Perlotti Lucie Branwen Hornsby Vincenzo Arizza Mirella Vazzana Federico Marrone Aiti Vizzini Chiara Martino Dario Savoca Vinicius Queiroz Antonio Fabbrizio Manuela Mauro |
| author_facet | Francesco Longo Francesca Di Gaudio Alessandro Attanzio Laura Marretta Claudio Luparello Serena Indelicato David Bongiorno Giampaolo Barone Luisa Tesoriere Ilenia Concetta Giardina Giulia Abruscato Manuela Perlotti Lucie Branwen Hornsby Vincenzo Arizza Mirella Vazzana Federico Marrone Aiti Vizzini Chiara Martino Dario Savoca Vinicius Queiroz Antonio Fabbrizio Manuela Mauro |
| author_sort | Francesco Longo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluates, for the first time, the reducing capacity, radical scavenger activity, and <i>in vitro</i> antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of chitosan, astaxanthin, and bio-phenols extracted from the exoskeleton of Sicilian <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>, the most widespread species of invasive crayfish in the Mediterranean region. Among the extracted compounds, astaxanthin exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in all assays. Chitosan and polyphenols demonstrated reducing and radical scavenging activity; chitosan showed significant ferric ion reducing capacity in the FRAP test, while bio-phenolic compounds displayed notable radical scavenging activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays. Both astaxanthin and polyphenols showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity on two different cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.45 µg/mL (phenolic extract) and 4.28 µg/mL (astaxanthin extract) for HepG2 cells and 2.45 µg/mL (phenolic extract) and 4.57 µg/mL (astaxanthin extract) for CaCo-2 cells. The bio-phenolic extract also showed potential anti-inflammatory effects <i>in vitro</i> by inhibiting nitric oxide production in inflamed RAW 264.7 macrophages, reducing the treated/control NO ratio to 77% and 74% at concentrations of 1.25 and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that <i>P. clarkii</i> exoskeletons could be a valuable source of bioactive molecules for biomedical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical application while contributing to the sustainable management of this invasive species. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f5bfaf41e6444ef9a19cd00dfae714e4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-f5bfaf41e6444ef9a19cd00dfae714e42024-12-27T14:14:01ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2024-12-011412163510.3390/biom14121635Bioactive Molecules from the Exoskeleton of <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>: Reducing Capacity, Radical Scavenger, and Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory ActivitiesFrancesco Longo0Francesca Di Gaudio1Alessandro Attanzio2Laura Marretta3Claudio Luparello4Serena Indelicato5David Bongiorno6Giampaolo Barone7Luisa Tesoriere8Ilenia Concetta Giardina9Giulia Abruscato10Manuela Perlotti11Lucie Branwen Hornsby12Vincenzo Arizza13Mirella Vazzana14Federico Marrone15Aiti Vizzini16Chiara Martino17Dario Savoca18Vinicius Queiroz19Antonio Fabbrizio20Manuela Mauro21Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment PROMISE, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche, 2, 90127 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyDepartamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, BrazilDepartment of Theoretical and Applied Sciences (DiSTA), University e Campus, 22060 Novedrate, ItalyDepartment of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, ItalyThis study evaluates, for the first time, the reducing capacity, radical scavenger activity, and <i>in vitro</i> antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of chitosan, astaxanthin, and bio-phenols extracted from the exoskeleton of Sicilian <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>, the most widespread species of invasive crayfish in the Mediterranean region. Among the extracted compounds, astaxanthin exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in all assays. Chitosan and polyphenols demonstrated reducing and radical scavenging activity; chitosan showed significant ferric ion reducing capacity in the FRAP test, while bio-phenolic compounds displayed notable radical scavenging activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays. Both astaxanthin and polyphenols showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity on two different cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.45 µg/mL (phenolic extract) and 4.28 µg/mL (astaxanthin extract) for HepG2 cells and 2.45 µg/mL (phenolic extract) and 4.57 µg/mL (astaxanthin extract) for CaCo-2 cells. The bio-phenolic extract also showed potential anti-inflammatory effects <i>in vitro</i> by inhibiting nitric oxide production in inflamed RAW 264.7 macrophages, reducing the treated/control NO ratio to 77% and 74% at concentrations of 1.25 and 1.5 μg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that <i>P. clarkii</i> exoskeletons could be a valuable source of bioactive molecules for biomedical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical application while contributing to the sustainable management of this invasive species.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1635astaxanthinchitosancrustaceanfreshwaterinvertebratesphenolic compounds |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Longo Francesca Di Gaudio Alessandro Attanzio Laura Marretta Claudio Luparello Serena Indelicato David Bongiorno Giampaolo Barone Luisa Tesoriere Ilenia Concetta Giardina Giulia Abruscato Manuela Perlotti Lucie Branwen Hornsby Vincenzo Arizza Mirella Vazzana Federico Marrone Aiti Vizzini Chiara Martino Dario Savoca Vinicius Queiroz Antonio Fabbrizio Manuela Mauro Bioactive Molecules from the Exoskeleton of <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>: Reducing Capacity, Radical Scavenger, and Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities Biomolecules astaxanthin chitosan crustacean freshwater invertebrates phenolic compounds |
| title | Bioactive Molecules from the Exoskeleton of <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>: Reducing Capacity, Radical Scavenger, and Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities |
| title_full | Bioactive Molecules from the Exoskeleton of <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>: Reducing Capacity, Radical Scavenger, and Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities |
| title_fullStr | Bioactive Molecules from the Exoskeleton of <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>: Reducing Capacity, Radical Scavenger, and Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioactive Molecules from the Exoskeleton of <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>: Reducing Capacity, Radical Scavenger, and Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities |
| title_short | Bioactive Molecules from the Exoskeleton of <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>: Reducing Capacity, Radical Scavenger, and Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities |
| title_sort | bioactive molecules from the exoskeleton of i procambarus clarkii i reducing capacity radical scavenger and antitumor and anti inflammatory activities |
| topic | astaxanthin chitosan crustacean freshwater invertebrates phenolic compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/14/12/1635 |
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