Prognostic risk factors of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 in patients with lymphoma
ObjectivePatients with hematological malignancies have an elevated risk of developing pneumonia after contracting COVID-19. Lymphoma is the most prevalent hematologic malignancy. It is critical to identify patients at high risk of contracting COVID-19-associated pneumonia.MethodsFrom January 11–31,...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1504809/full |
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| author | Dan Liu Xia Yin Hui Wang Lijie Xing Ping Li Haichen Wei Ji Ma Qiang He Linna Xie Ke Lu Zengjun Li |
| author_facet | Dan Liu Xia Yin Hui Wang Lijie Xing Ping Li Haichen Wei Ji Ma Qiang He Linna Xie Ke Lu Zengjun Li |
| author_sort | Dan Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectivePatients with hematological malignancies have an elevated risk of developing pneumonia after contracting COVID-19. Lymphoma is the most prevalent hematologic malignancy. It is critical to identify patients at high risk of contracting COVID-19-associated pneumonia.MethodsFrom January 11–31, 2023, we distributed questionnaires to patients diagnosed with lymphoma according to 2016 World Health Organization diagnostic and classification criteria. COVID-19 infection was confirmed based on symptoms and laboratory tests. Pneumonia was confirmed using computed tomography scans.ResultsIn total, 257 patients were included in this study; 221 patients (86.0%) had COVID-19 infection and 61 (27.6%) of these had pneumonia. Patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) had a significantly higher pneumonia incidence than patients with other lymphoma types (31.8% vs. 27.6%, P=0.005). Higher incidence of pneumonia was observed in patients receiving anti-CD20 therapy (30.0% vs. 16.3%, P=0.048) and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor therapy (51.3% vs. 22.5%, P=0.001). B-NHL (hazard ratio [HR]=3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–10.0, P=0.009), anti-CD20 therapy (HR=2.3, 95% CI 1.0–5.2, P=0.050), BTK inhibitor (HR=3.6, 95% CI 1.8–7.4, P<0.001), active therapy (HR=3.0, 95% CI 1.5–5.7, P=0.001), and lack of disease remission (HR=3.7, 95% CI 1.8–7.4, P=0.001) were high-risk factors for developing pneumonia. Anti-PD-1 therapy was a protective factor against pneumonia development (HR=0.2, 95% CI 0.05–0.9, P=0.034). In multivariable analysis, BTK inhibitor (HR=3.5, 95% CI 1.6–8.0, P=0.003), active therapy (HR=3.3, 95% CI 1.6–6.8, P=0.001), and disease non-remission (HR=2.9, 1.3–6.4, P=0.007) were independent risk factors for pneumonia development after COVID-19 infection in patients with lymphoma.ConclusionsPatients with lymphoma receiving BTK inhibitors, undergoing active therapy, and lacking disease remission exhibited a higher risk for pneumonia associated with COVID-19. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-f5b6673ed403407dbbbb44edc4ebc188 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-f5b6673ed403407dbbbb44edc4ebc1882025-01-06T06:59:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-01-011410.3389/fonc.2024.15048091504809Prognostic risk factors of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 in patients with lymphomaDan LiuXia YinHui WangLijie XingPing LiHaichen WeiJi MaQiang HeLinna XieKe LuZengjun LiObjectivePatients with hematological malignancies have an elevated risk of developing pneumonia after contracting COVID-19. Lymphoma is the most prevalent hematologic malignancy. It is critical to identify patients at high risk of contracting COVID-19-associated pneumonia.MethodsFrom January 11–31, 2023, we distributed questionnaires to patients diagnosed with lymphoma according to 2016 World Health Organization diagnostic and classification criteria. COVID-19 infection was confirmed based on symptoms and laboratory tests. Pneumonia was confirmed using computed tomography scans.ResultsIn total, 257 patients were included in this study; 221 patients (86.0%) had COVID-19 infection and 61 (27.6%) of these had pneumonia. Patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) had a significantly higher pneumonia incidence than patients with other lymphoma types (31.8% vs. 27.6%, P=0.005). Higher incidence of pneumonia was observed in patients receiving anti-CD20 therapy (30.0% vs. 16.3%, P=0.048) and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor therapy (51.3% vs. 22.5%, P=0.001). B-NHL (hazard ratio [HR]=3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–10.0, P=0.009), anti-CD20 therapy (HR=2.3, 95% CI 1.0–5.2, P=0.050), BTK inhibitor (HR=3.6, 95% CI 1.8–7.4, P<0.001), active therapy (HR=3.0, 95% CI 1.5–5.7, P=0.001), and lack of disease remission (HR=3.7, 95% CI 1.8–7.4, P=0.001) were high-risk factors for developing pneumonia. Anti-PD-1 therapy was a protective factor against pneumonia development (HR=0.2, 95% CI 0.05–0.9, P=0.034). In multivariable analysis, BTK inhibitor (HR=3.5, 95% CI 1.6–8.0, P=0.003), active therapy (HR=3.3, 95% CI 1.6–6.8, P=0.001), and disease non-remission (HR=2.9, 1.3–6.4, P=0.007) were independent risk factors for pneumonia development after COVID-19 infection in patients with lymphoma.ConclusionsPatients with lymphoma receiving BTK inhibitors, undergoing active therapy, and lacking disease remission exhibited a higher risk for pneumonia associated with COVID-19.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1504809/fullCOVID-19pneumonialymphomabruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitorhematologic malignancy |
| spellingShingle | Dan Liu Xia Yin Hui Wang Lijie Xing Ping Li Haichen Wei Ji Ma Qiang He Linna Xie Ke Lu Zengjun Li Prognostic risk factors of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 in patients with lymphoma Frontiers in Oncology COVID-19 pneumonia lymphoma bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor hematologic malignancy |
| title | Prognostic risk factors of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 in patients with lymphoma |
| title_full | Prognostic risk factors of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 in patients with lymphoma |
| title_fullStr | Prognostic risk factors of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 in patients with lymphoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prognostic risk factors of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 in patients with lymphoma |
| title_short | Prognostic risk factors of pneumonia associated with COVID-19 in patients with lymphoma |
| title_sort | prognostic risk factors of pneumonia associated with covid 19 in patients with lymphoma |
| topic | COVID-19 pneumonia lymphoma bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor hematologic malignancy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1504809/full |
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